GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3663
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    3782 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3782
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    3781 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3781
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    3780 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3780
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    3778 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3778
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3777 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3777
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      -rel: [
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      ]
    }
    3776 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3776
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3775 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3775
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3774 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3774
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      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3773 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3773
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      -rel: [
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    3772 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3772
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      -attributes: [
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    3771 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3771
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      -rel: [
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}
_route
"article_show"
_route_params
[
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]
_security_firewall_run
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token
"1e0d42"
category
"global-economy"
slug
"interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept
"*/*"
accept-encoding
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection
"close"
cookie
"PHPSESSID=jlpnc7rc62h2kgsqkk2ae8hevq"
host
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control
"no-cache, private"
content-type
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date
"Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:44:59 GMT"
link
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token
"015d34"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID
"jlpnc7rc62h2kgsqkk2ae8hevq"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 7

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created
"Mon, 07 Jul 25 00:44:56 +0000"
Last used
"Mon, 07 Jul 25 00:44:58 +0000"
Lifetime
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment
"MQfY1Udm535jDKWctkFwaNkDWASV4C6n1byK9Kn_25A"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept
"38JPL4O4gMwnZBLbU2eaqTSGWfNuHtzVqAvlwPZQCME"

Session Usage

7 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
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Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
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Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
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Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV
"dev"
APP_SECRET
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN
"*"
DATABASE_URL
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG
"1"
BASE
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE
"PHPSESSID=jlpnc7rc62h2kgsqkk2ae8hevq"
HTTP_HOST
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PATH
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING
""
REDIRECT_BASE
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aGsYinCkE6k1fu1cqzetHwAAAMA"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aGsYinCkE6k1fu1cqzetHwAAAMA"
REDIRECT_URL
"/public/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
REMOTE_ADDR
"216.73.216.190"
REMOTE_PORT
"26327"
REQUEST_METHOD
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME
"https"
REQUEST_TIME
1751849098
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
1751849098.8247
REQUEST_URI
"/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
SCRIPT_FILENAME
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
SERVER_ADDR
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID
"aGsYinCkE6k1fu1cqzetHwAAAMA"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 61038e)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"6ec20e"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 5fd3da)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"0efe54"
slug
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 27e1e8)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"baa280"
category
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 467390)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"aba48c"
current_article
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 6132
  -title: "Interview with Larry Summers: China, Debt, Pandemic, and More"
  -slug: "interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt-pandemic-and-more"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Irwin Stelzer and Jeffrey Gedmin have a wide-ranging interview with Lawrence Summers in&nbsp;<i>The American Interest</i>&nbsp;(May 22, 2020, "How to Fix Globalization—for Detroit, Not Davos"). </span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">As always, Summers is his habitually and incorrigibly interesting and provocative self. Here re a few of many quotable remarks.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><b>China</b></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">In general, economic thinking has privileged efficiency over resilience, and it has been insufficiently concerned with the big downsides of efficiency. Going forward we will need more emphasis on “just in case” even at some cost in terms of “just in time.” More broadly our economic strategy will need to put less emphasis on short-term commercial advantage and pay more attention to long-run strategic advantage. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">At the broadest level, we need to craft a relationship with China from the principles of mutual respect and strategic reassurance, with rather less of the feigned affection that there has been in the past. We are not partners. We are not really friends. We are entities that find ourselves on the same small lifeboat in turbulent waters a long way from shore. We need to be pulling in unison if things are to work for either of us. If we can respect each other’s roles, respect our very substantial differences, confine our spheres of negotiation to those areas that are most important for cooperation, and represent the most fundamental interests of our societies, we can have a more successful co-evolution that we have had in recent years. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><b>Attitudes on Globalization</b></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Someone put it to me this way: First, we said that you are going to lose your job, but it was okay because when you got your new one, you were going to have higher wages thanks to lower prices because of international trade. Then we said that your company was going to move your job overseas, but it was really necessary because if we didn’t do that, then your company was going to be less competitive. Now we’re saying that we have to cut the taxes on those companies and cut the calculus class from your kid’s high school, because otherwise we won’t be able to attract companies to the United States, and you have to pay higher taxes and live with fewer services. At a certain point, people say, “This whole global thing doesn’t work for me,” and they have a point.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">So we need a global agenda that is about broad popular interests rather than about corporate freedom—that is, cooperation to assure that government purposes can be served and that global threats can be met. If we have an agenda like that, we can rebuild a constituency for global dialogue.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><b>Government Debt</b></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">The deepest truth about debt is that you can’t evaluate borrowing without knowing what it’s going to be used for. Borrowing to invest in ways that earn a higher return than the cost of borrowing, and provide the wherewithal for debt service with an excess leftover, is generally a good and sustainable thing. Borrowing to finance consumption, leaving no return to cover debt service, is generally an unsustainable and problematic thing. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">I think we need to be very careful, with respect to the expectation that we now seem to be setting of having government cover all the losses associated with the COVID period. For the life of me, I cannot understand why grants should have been made to airlines to enable them to continue to function, rather than allowing their share values to be further depressed, and allowing those who would earn substantial premiums by taking risk on airline bonds to do so, accepting the consequences of an investment gone wrong.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Looking towards an economy that is going to be very different than the one we had before COVID, we cannot aspire to maintain every job or every enterprise with a compensation program indefinitely. So as I look at the 30 percent of GDP deficit that we are running in Quarters Three and Four of Fiscal 2020, I don’t think that can be sustained over a multi-year period.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><b>Enforcing Existing Tax Laws for Those With High Incomes</b></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">We could raise well over a trillion dollars over the next decade by simply enforcing the tax law that we have against people with high incomes.&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/11/enhancing-federal-tax-collections-by.html"><span class="s2">Natasha Sarin and I made this case</span></a></span>&nbsp;and generated a&nbsp;<a style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/yes-our-tax-system-needs-reform-lets-start-with-this-first-step/2019/11/17/4d23f8d4-07dd-11ea-924a-28d87132c7ec_story.html"><span class="s2">r<span style="color: #808080;">evenue estimate</span></span></a>&nbsp;some time ago. If we just restored the IRS to its previous size, judged relatively to the economy; if we moved past the massive injustice represented by the fact that you’re more likely to get audited if you receive the earned income tax credit (EITC) than if you earn $300,000 a year or more; if we made plausible use of information technology and the IRS got to where the credit card companies were 20 years ago, in terms of information technology-matching; and if we required of those who make shelter investments the kind of regular reporting that we require of cleaning women, we would raise, by my estimate, over a trillion dollars [over ten years]. Former IRS Commissioner Charles Rossotti, who knows more about it than I do, thinks the figure is closer to $2 trillion. That’s where we should start.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><b>Coronavirus Priorities</b></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">The real crime is not that we miscalibrated on some economic versus public health trade-off. The real crime is that we have not succeeded in generating far greater quantities of testing, far greater mechanisms for those 40 million unemployed people to do contract tracing, far more availability of well-fitting, comfortable, and safe masks, and that we’re under-investing in the development of new therapeutics and vaccines.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">When something costs $10 to $15 billion a day, you need to make decisions in new ways. We should not be waiting to see which of two tests works best. We should be producing both of them. We should not wait for vaccines to be proven before we start producing them. We should be producing all the plausible candidates. Remember, one week earlier in moving through this is worth a hundred billion dollars: two months’ worth of the annual defense budget.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <a href="https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/05/interview-with-larry-summers-china-debt.html">Conversable Economist</a>.</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1590478087 {#1145
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  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1590478188 {#1150
    date: 2020-05-26 07:29:48.0 UTC (+00:00)
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  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
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  -clicks: 2780
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  }
  -metakey: "Larry Summers"
  -metadesc: "Irwin Stelzer and Jeffrey Gedmin have a wide-ranging interview with Lawrence Summers in\u{A0}The American Interest\u{A0}(May 22, 2020, "How to Fix Globalization—for Detroit, Not Davos")."
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}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = e4165f)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"45bc7f"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = b48707)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"9dd07b"