GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3652
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    3771 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3771
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    3770 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3770
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    3769 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3769
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3766 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3766
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3765 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3765
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    }
    3764 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3764
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3763 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3763
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3762 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3762
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
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    3761 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3761
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
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    3760 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3760
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
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}
_route
"article_show"
_route_params
[
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]
_security_firewall_run
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token
"3cab09"
category
"global-economy"
slug
"conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept
"*/*"
accept-encoding
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection
"close"
cookie
"PHPSESSID=7tul1bho3ulslcqm7e8gjn575o"
host
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control
"no-cache, private"
content-type
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date
"Mon, 02 Jun 2025 23:40:27 GMT"
link
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token
"14237a"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID
"7tul1bho3ulslcqm7e8gjn575o"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:40:06 +0000"
Last used
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:40:25 +0000"
Lifetime
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment
"m_vFpYz29f8axZe3z2mNwkoKJ7sDbIBgo-159U1r9kk"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept
"5ZDrfEPoFL_NuQWj-W_PVln0FiLrJXx2JXQRE9m-Prw"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
[
  [
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    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
    "line" => 103
    "function" => "getToken"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Extension/CoreExtension.php"
    "line" => 1635
    "function" => "getUser"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bridge\Twig\AppVariable"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/var/cache/dev/twig/a4/a456f2f504a18cd81037fa69e543310c.php"
    "line" => 200
    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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  [
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    "line" => 394
    "function" => "doDisplay"
    "class" => "__TwigTemplate_824a013e4f3f4a68e03a2d244e765025"
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    "line" => 367
    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  [
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    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "line" => 126
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "renderHeader"
    "class" => "App\Controller\AppController"
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  [
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  [
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    "line" => 86
    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "render"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
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  [
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  [
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    "line" => 367
    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 448
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
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    "line" => 277
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
[
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 214
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "run"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV
"dev"
APP_SECRET
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN
"*"
DATABASE_URL
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG
"1"
BASE
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE
"PHPSESSID=7tul1bho3ulslcqm7e8gjn575o"
HTTP_HOST
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PATH
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING
""
REDIRECT_BASE
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aD42a1u4xKmtu8snTX6fVQAAAM0"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aD42a1u4xKmtu8snTX6fVQAAAM0"
REDIRECT_URL
"/public/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
REMOTE_ADDR
"216.73.216.178"
REMOTE_PORT
"29469"
REQUEST_METHOD
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME
"https"
REQUEST_TIME
1748907627
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
1748907627.2014
REQUEST_URI
"/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
SCRIPT_FILENAME
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
SERVER_ADDR
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID
"aD42a1u4xKmtu8snTX6fVQAAAM0"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 1b6e4f)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"5dce5c"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 55a21c)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"fd473e"
current_article
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 12582
  -title: "What Will Happen to the Queen’s Corgis Following Her Death?"
  -slug: "what-will-happen-to-the-queen-s-corgis-following-her-death"
  -introtext: "<p>The Duke and Duchess of York will take care of the queen's corgis.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>Queen Elizabeth II,&nbsp;who died peacefully at the Balmoral&nbsp;Castle&nbsp;on Thursday 8 September 2022, had a great adoration for corgis. <br /><br />Her Majesty leaves behind a few of her pets.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>The queen owned more than 30 corgis throughout her 70-year reign. Many of them were part of the same bloodline.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>Living inside Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s corgis enjoyed a privileged life, residing in their own room in the palace known as the Corgi Room.</p>\r\n
    <p>They slept in elevated wicker baskets – with sheets refreshed daily – and were tended to by the Queen herself. Their menu was extensive and included fresh rabbit and beef, served by a gourmet chef.</p>\r\n
    <p>Queen Elizabeth II’s remaining two&nbsp;corgis are called Muick and Sandy.&nbsp;The dogs were described as a ‘godsend’ by the Queen’s former dresser, Angela Kelly.&nbsp;The queen als had other pets.&nbsp;&nbsp;Her cocker spaniel is named Lissy, and her dorgi goes by the name of Candy.</p>\r\n
    <p>Her Majesty’s&nbsp;obsession with corgis was no secret, as over the years the breed of dog became synonymous with the sovereign.</p>\r\n
    <p>It all started in 1933 when then-Princess Elizabeth, aged seven, fell in love with a corgi her father bought, which was named Dookie.</p>\r\n
    <p>Ever since, Elizabeth - both as Princess and Queen - had corgis throughout her entire life, right up until her death on September 8.</p>\r\n
    <p>Prince Andrew and his ex-wife, Sarah Ferguson, will now look after the two corgis. This has been confirmed by a spokesperson for the Duke of York.</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1663610640 {#1145
    date: 2022-09-19 18:04:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1663610807 {#1150
    date: 2022-09-19 18:06:47.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 844
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1663610640 {#1148
    date: 2022-09-19 18:04:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "What Will Happen to the Queen’s Corgis Following Her Death?"
  -metadesc: "The Duke and Duchess of York will take care of the queen's corgis."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1663610640 {#1147
    date: 2022-09-19 18:04:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = b62cce)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"bff584"
category
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 3c785b)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"864309"
current_article
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 2234
  -title: "Conflict Minerals and Unexpected Tradeoffs"
  -slug: "conflict-minerals-and-unexpected-tradeoffs"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1">The cause seemed worthy, and the policy mild. Militia groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were taxing and extorting revenue from those who mined like tin, tungsten, and tantalum. Thus, Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 required companies to disclose the source of their purchases of such minerals. The hope was to reduce funding for the militias, and thus to benefit people in the area. Human rights advocacy groups supported the idea. The&nbsp;Good Intentions Paving Company&nbsp;was up and running.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1">But tradeoffs are no respecters of good intentions.&nbsp;Dominic Parker describes some research on the tradeoffs that occurred in&nbsp; "Conflict Minerals or Conflict Policies? New research on the unintended consequences of conflict-mineral regulation"&nbsp;(PERC Reports, Summer 2018, 37:1, pp. 36-40). Parker writes:</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 30px;">"First, Section 1502 initially caused a widespread, de facto boycott on minerals from the eastern DRC. Rather than engaging in costly due diligence to identify the sources of minerals—and risking being considered a supporter of rebel violence—some U.S. companies simply stopped buying minerals from the region. This de facto boycott had the intended effect of reducing funding to militias, but its unintended effect was to undercut families who depended on mining for income and access to health care. The decreases in mineral production rocked an artisanal mining sector that had supported an estimated 785,000 miners prior to Dodd-Frank, with spillovers from their economic activity thought to affect millions.</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 30px;">"Second, the legislation changed the relative value of controlling certain mining areas from the perspective of militias, who changed their tactics accordingly. Before the boycott, the militias could maximize revenue by taxing tin, tungsten, and tantalum at or near mining sites. They therefore had an interest in keeping mining areas productive and relatively safe for miners. After the legislation, the militias sought to make up for reduced revenue in other ways. According to the evidence, they started to loot civilians who were not necessarily involved in mining. They also started to fight for control over other commodities, including gold, which was in effect exempt from the regulation."</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1">One result of the economic losses in the area was a sharp rise in infant mortality rates: "The combined evidence suggests that Dodd-Frank increased the probability of infant deaths (that is, babies who died before reaching their first birthday) from 2010 to 2013 for children who lived part of or all of their first year in villages targeted by the legislation and mining ban. The most conservative estimate is that the legislation increased infant mortality from a baseline average of 60 deaths per 1,000 births to 146 deaths per 1,000 births over this period—a 143 percent increase."</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1">The level of violent conflict affecting civilians actually seemed to rise, rather that fall: "At the end of 2010, after the passage of Dodd-Frank, looting in the territories targeted by the mining policies became more common and remained that way through much of 2011 and 2012, when our study period ended. ... The incidence of violence against civilians also increased in the policy regions after the legislation ..."</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1">One economic insight here is&nbsp;the "stationary bandit" theory&nbsp;that when a bandit remains in one location, there are incentives for the bandit to keep local workers and companies safe and productive.</p>\r\n
    <p class="p1">The political insights are fuzzier. One can't rule out that if the Dodd-Frank provisions had been better thought-out or better targeted, maybe the effects would have been better, too. Or maybe this is a case where long-run benefits of these provisions will outweigh short-run costs. But it's also possible that an alternative strategy for bolstering the economy and human rights in the area might have worked better. And it's quite clear that those who supported this particular conflict mineral policy did not predict or acknowledge that their good intentions could have these adverse consequences.</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1532023147 {#1145
    date: 2018-07-19 17:59:07.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1627395647 {#1150
    date: 2021-07-27 14:20:47.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3416
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1532023145 {#1148
    date: 2018-07-19 17:59:05.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "The cause seemed worthy, and the policy mild. Militia groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were taxing and extorting revenue from those who mined like tin, tungsten, and tantalum. "
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1532023145 {#1147
    date: 2018-07-19 17:59:05.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = ed825b)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"c4c33e"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 38f5f7)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"79205e"