GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods

Response
200 OK
IP
3.142.200.79
Profiled on
Token
269c93

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
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_stopwatch_token 
"94dcdc"
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"science"
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"5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
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host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:32:43 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"269c93"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"rm5t2frsma2httlrrl2i5ako3p"
care_did 
"74c4c144-c665-4ca7-9d53-b19163ad2465"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:32:27 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:32:42 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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"bnSQRNpoGJjIqJ9EGiPuQtLpvJ8kMs-DjxWxQNRxczg"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"AAKpYmZboNKIzqsjPlRVDP5DtE8kJ5h7FxSs85k1X8Q"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
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      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"care_did=74c4c144-c665-4ca7-9d53-b19163ad2465; PHPSESSID=rm5t2frsma2httlrrl2i5ako3p"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nR-pDyWLT8YV1VjBpWBgAAAJc"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nR-pDyWLT8YV1VjBpWBgAAAJc"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.142.200.79"
REMOTE_PORT 
"23904"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740231162
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740231162.9269
REQUEST_URI 
"/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nR-pDyWLT8YV1VjBpWBgAAAJc"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 64d7a4)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"78c55a"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 7cdf13)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"2c9c23"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 437ca9)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"d8dacb"
category 
"Science"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 125df6)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"755b72"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 11037
  -title: "5 Big Data Statistical Analysis Methods"
  -slug: "5-big-data-statistical-analysis-methods"
  -introtext: "<p>Big data statistical analysis is a powerful tool organizations use to make sense of data and guide their decision making.&nbsp;</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>As tools and techniques around big data proliferate, let’s not miss out on methods that have been around for quite some now, but haven’t lost their touch of accuracy – the statistical analytical methods.</p>\r\n
    <p class="text-muted">Data is piling up and people are wondering what can be done with it. In this <a href="society/notes-on-living-your-life-out-loud" target="_blank" rel="noopener">age of Information</a>, there is no scarcity of data; data is overpowering. The key lies in sifting through the overwhelming volume of data that’s available to businesses and organizations, thereby interpreting its implications correctly. Perhaps, a few statistical analysis methods can help find some nuggets of gold buried in all that noise.</p>\r\n
    <p>There obviously are thousands of <a href="technology/the-sensitive-relationship-between-big-data-and-iprs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">big data </a>tools, all promising to save your time and money, and also uncover unprecedented business insights. While all of that may be true, navigating the maze of big data tools could be quite overwhelming and tricky. We suggest you start your&nbsp;data analysis efforts&nbsp;with a handful of basic, yet effective, statistical analysis methods for big data, before advancing to the more sophisticated techniques.</p>\r\n
    <p>Listed here are five fundamental statistical analysis methods that you can start with, along with the pitfalls that you must watch out for.</p>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/Statistical_Analysis_Methods.png" alt="Statistical_Analysis_Methods.png" width="980" height="611" /></p>\r\n
    <h2>1. Mean</h2>\r\n
    <p>More commonly known as the average, the arithmetic mean is the sum of a list of numbers divided by the number of items on the list. Using the method of mean you can determine the overall trend of a data set or obtain a rapid snapshot of your data. This method offers the advantage of simplistic and quick calculation.</p>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pitfall</strong>&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>If used alone, the mean is a dangerous tool, and in some data sets, it is also closely related to the mode and median. Remember, in a data set with skewed distribution or a high number of outliers, mean simply does not provide the kind of accuracy that’s needed for a nuanced decision.</p>\r\n
    <h2>2. Standard Deviation&nbsp;</h2>\r\n
    <p>This is a measure of the spread of data around the mean. While a high standard deviation means the data spreads widely from the mean, a low deviation signals that most data aligns with the mean. This statistical analysis method is useful for quickly determining the dispersion of data points.</p>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pitfall</strong></p>\r\n
    <p>Similar to mean, the standard deviation too, is deceptive if taken alone. For example, if the data has many outliers or a strange pattern such as a non-normal curve, standard deviation won’t give you all the information needed.</p>\r\n
    <h2>3. Regression</h2>\r\n
    <p>The relationship between dependent and explanatory variables is modeled using the method of regression. The regression line helps determine whether those relationships are strong or weak, as well as the trends over time.</p>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pitfall</strong></p>\r\n
    <p>Regression is not very nuanced&nbsp;and the outliers on a scatter plot (as well as the reasons for them) matter significantly. For example, an outlying data point may represent your highest selling product. The nature of the regression line is such that it tempts you to ignore these outliers.</p>\r\n
    <h2>4. Sample Size Determination</h2>\r\n
    <p>A sample does the job just as well when the data set is large and you don’t want to collect information from each element of the dataset. The trick lies in determining the right size for the sample to be accurate.</p>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pitfall</strong></p>\r\n
    <p>When analyzing a new, untested variable in a data set, you need to rely on certain assumptions, which might be completely inaccurate. If such an error passes onto your sample size determination, it can affect the rest of your statistical <a href="technology/rethinking-data-science-and-engineering-data-sets-and-time-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener">data analysis</a>.</p>\r\n
    <h2>5. Hypothesis Testing</h2>\r\n
    <p>This method is about testing if a certain premise is actually true for your data set. The results of this test are statistically significant if the results couldn’t have happened by a random chance.</p>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pitfall</strong></p>\r\n
    <p>To be rigorous, watch out for the placebo effect, as well as the Hawthorne effect.</p>\r\n
    <p>These statistical analysis methods add a lot of insight to your&nbsp;decision-making&nbsp;portfolio. Missing out on these methods for a lot of other fancy tools and techniques will be non-judicious on your part.</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1654622880 {#1145
    date: 2022-06-07 17:28:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1654641131 {#1150
    date: 2022-06-07 22:32:11.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 7396
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1654622880 {#1148
    date: 2022-06-07 17:28:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "5 Big Data Statistical Analysis Methods"
  -metadesc: "Big data statistical analysis is a powerful tool organizations use to make sense of data and guide their decision making.\u{A0}"
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1654622880 {#1147
    date: 2022-06-07 17:28:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = cd76f2)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"6dd94a"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = ba0e76)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"7bc092"