GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton

Response
200 OK
IP
3.22.75.216
Profiled on
Token
384bf9

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3641
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      -attributes: [
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    3758 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3758
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    3755 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3755
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      ]
    }
    3754 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3754
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3753 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3753
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      -attributes: [
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    3752 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3752
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      -rel: [
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    }
    3751 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3751
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    3750 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3750
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    3749 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3749
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"article_show"
_route_params 
[
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]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"c1a3a1"
category 
"global-economy"
slug 
"the-education-of-angus-deaton"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=betqh0hapb3k8upbrcgo0rfvil"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:27:00 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"384bf9"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"betqh0hapb3k8upbrcgo0rfvil"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:26:45 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:26:59 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"kvfB4SnbJO9P_gH68_bWvo7jAjfslJ6Vnymvo6Wq6co"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"N-MGLRPMUhQaaCyAb9quNhL0_d8rfEh10PugBpHsobo"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "renderHeader"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpCache/SubRequestHandler.php"
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Fragment/InlineFragmentRenderer.php"
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  [
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 448
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
    "line" => 277
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 139
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 214
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=betqh0hapb3k8upbrcgo0rfvil"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mKU5DyWLT8YV1VjBo0AwAAAIc"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mKU5DyWLT8YV1VjBo0AwAAAIc"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.22.75.216"
REMOTE_PORT 
"21148"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740212819
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740212819.8966
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-education-of-angus-deaton"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mKU5DyWLT8YV1VjBo0AwAAAIc"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 7cc35d)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1ca3de"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = e675ad)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"879044"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 0427e7)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"9fc526"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 1d00b1)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"ad469c"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 7113
  -title: "The Education of Angus Deaton"
  -slug: "the-education-of-angus-deaton"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="s1" style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-resource-111219-042601">Gordon Rausser and David Zilberman have "A Conversation with Angus Deaton" in the&nbsp;<span class="s2"><i>Annual Review of Resource Economics</i></span></a></span><span class="s3"><span style="color: #808080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>(2020, 12: pp. 1-22).</span></span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="s3"> For those not already somewhat familiar with Deaton's life and work, the first few page provide a capsule overview. The interview goes into more depth about his early education, working with Richard Stone and Arthur Lewis, and his more recent work including his thesis about "deaths of despair" in the US and his skepticism about the popular randomized control trial methodology.&nbsp; As a sample, here are some Deaton's comments for how he entered the field of economics, which for modern American academics will sound as if Deaton arrived from some different planet. Deaton says:&nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">For me in high school, the great virtue of mathematics was you could do it very quickly. I had lots of time for writing and music and for playing sports and things that&nbsp;I actually cared about a lot more. When I went to Cambridge, that really didn’t work anymore.&nbsp;There were a lot of really serious mathematicians there. It’s something that we observe in&nbsp; all of our classes, I think. You get these kids who come in and they’ve been superstars wherever they&nbsp;were before and suddenly realize they’re not such bright superstars compared with some of the&nbsp;other people in the class.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">I spent a couple of years not really doing mathematics but playing cards and going to the movies and enjoying myself. Then at some point the authorities, like my tutor, said, “You can’t go on like&nbsp;this. You’ve really got to do something else. The mathematicians don’t want you anymore.” I said,&nbsp;“Well, I don’t really want them either.” Then I said, “Well, what should I do?” They said, “Well,&nbsp;there’s only one thing for people like you, and it’s called economics.” I had no idea what it even was. I said, “What’s economics?” ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">Oh, I would be 21 really. Then I was assigned an economics tutor and some material to read over the summer. I had a summer job working on the Queen Mary and the Queen Elizabeth,&nbsp;going back and forth between Southampton and New York every two weeks. I was selling clothes&nbsp;on board the ships. I remember sitting there with a copy of Samuelson’s Foundations of Economic&nbsp;Analysis (1947), or not that one, but the textbook. ... I thought it was wonderful. It just provided that shove, as it were, that nudge if you like. It was more of a shove than a nudge. It put&nbsp;me in a place that I really liked. ...&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">I’ve often felt sort of closed off either deliberately or because I never trained. I never went to a PhD program. I had that one year of economics as an undergraduate. There were&nbsp;some stars there, like James Mirrlees, a later Nobel laureate, who was teaching. But these lectures&nbsp;were not very comprehensible. I spent a lot of time trying to figure things out for myself. I’ve&nbsp;often felt that I was right outside the mainstream somehow. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">I was very envious of the superstar kids in my environment, the kids who’d done economics for three years and who were recognized geniuses. Mervyn King, for instance, was almost my exact contemporary—I think he is two years younger than I am. He was very much a superstar and never got a PhD, because in those days, if you were really good, you&nbsp;didn’t get a PhD. The PhDs were for the sort of failures who were trying to catch up somehow.&nbsp;I was certainly very envious, but over the years, as you said, I began to realize that the things you&nbsp;really learn are the things you figure out for yourself. Sometimes you make mistakes in figuring&nbsp;those things out by yourself and sometimes those mistakes can be productive. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">Mostly, you look at something, you stare at it, you say, “I just don’t understand this.” Then 999 times out of a thousand, it’s because&nbsp;you made an error that you don’t understand something. But the one other time is the one when&nbsp;everybody’s making an error and it’s just not well understood. I think it was quite helpful not to&nbsp;be super well trained in the conventional stuff. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">All through my career, I found people who would listen tome ask questions and didn’t mind my ignorance. That’s something that the American graduate school experience is very bad at. Students are terrified because they’re so&nbsp;competitive and also because they’re always frightened of confessing that they don’t understand.&nbsp;Part of the benefit to me of not having gone through that education was I was always looking for&nbsp;people who knew stuff, who would tell me.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">And here is one of Deaton's comments on economic development and growth.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">In the back of Arthur’s book on economic growth (Lewis 1955), he raises this question,&nbsp;which doesn’t get asked enough: “Why? Why do we care about this at all?” Because a lot of people&nbsp;don’t. The Pope doesn’t really seem to care about economic growth very much. I don’t know&nbsp;whether Arthur actually talks about Mozart, but he talks about kids growing up in absolute poverty&nbsp;and how they never have the opportunity to develop what may be extraordinary innate skills. There&nbsp;are these buried talents—lost Mozarts, or lost Einsteins—a great term someone’s been talking&nbsp;about recently.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">What development does is give people what Amartya Sen would call capabilities, which you just don’t have if you’re living in grinding poverty. The expressions of human genius and human creativity are going to be stifled and stamped out if you don’t have economic development. That’s&nbsp;why you should have development.&nbsp;</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
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  -updatedAt: DateTime @1602164330 {#1150
    date: 2020-10-08 13:38:50.0 UTC (+00:00)
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  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 2427
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1602163253 {#1148
    date: 2020-10-08 13:20:53.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "The Education of Angus Deaton"
  -metadesc: "Gordon Rausser and David Zilberman have "A Conversation with Angus Deaton" in the\u{A0}Annual Review of Resource Economics\u{A0}(2020, 12: pp. 1-22)."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1602163253 {#1147
    date: 2020-10-08 13:20:53.0 UTC (+00:00)
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AppController :: renderFooter (token = 3ae48c)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"a88bea"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = adffa7)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"0d94c5"