GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging

Response
200 OK
IP
3.22.217.60
Profiled on
Token
3a6960

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
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"security.firewall.map.context.main"
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"article_show"
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[
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_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"b8836b"
category 
"global-economy"
slug 
"why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=rq7ep7ub877bnpu9g93arrspog"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:31:41 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"3a6960"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"rq7ep7ub877bnpu9g93arrspog"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:31:23 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:31:40 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"14I7dMBxNOTea1EdvrleDCikSqTToimyV0ET9BeaYy4"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"vcy5Xocixwo2CEkQLDDQbTxpBE5AoVEz1L5924rp_zE"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
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    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "display"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
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    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=rq7ep7ub877bnpu9g93arrspog"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRvLiBoyj8JZ8-HGyDUwAAAA4"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRvLiBoyj8JZ8-HGyDUwAAAA4"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.22.217.60"
REMOTE_PORT 
"36650"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740231100
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740231100.9951
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRvLiBoyj8JZ8-HGyDUwAAAA4"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 4c7800)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"f0c7cd"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = f7ff10)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"7a623a"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = c33946)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1647a3"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = e9fc22)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"66f554"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 6940
  -title: "Why Foreign Direct Investment Was Already Sagging"
  -slug: "why-foreign-direct-investment-was-already-sagging"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a management component. </span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">In other words, it's not just a financial investment in stocks and bonds ("portfolio investment"), but involves partial or in some cases complete management responsibility. </span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">This distinction matters for a couple of reasons. One is that for developing countries in particular, FDI from abroad is a way of gaining local access to management skills, technology, and supply chains that might be quite difficult to do on their own. Another reason is that pure financial investments can come and go, sometimes in waves that bring macroeconomic instability in their wake, but FDI is typically less volatile and more of a commitment.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">FDI seems certain to plummet in 2020, given that so many global ties have weakened during the pandemic recession. But as the&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33808"><span class="s2">World Bank points out in its&nbsp;<i>Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020: Rebuilding Investor Confidence in&nbsp;Times&nbsp;of Uncertainty</i></span></a></span>, a decline in FDI was already underway. Here, I'll quote from the "Overview" of the report by Christine Zhenwei Qiang and Peter Kusek. They write (footnotes omitted):&nbsp;<br /> <br /> Even before the COVID-19 pandemic upended the global economy, global FDI was sliding to levels even below those last seen in&nbsp;the aftermath of the global financial crisis a decade ago (figure O.1, panel a). The decline&nbsp;was more concentrated in high-income countries, where inflows of FDI fell by nearly 60 percent in recent years. Although FDI to&nbsp;developing countries did not decline as steeply, it nonetheless fell to its lowest levels in decades relative to gross domestic product&nbsp;(GDP). Compared with the mid-2000s, when&nbsp;FDI reached nearly 4 percent of GDP in developing countries, that share fell to under 2 percent&nbsp;in 2017 and 2018 (figure O.1, panel b).</span></p>\r\n
    <div class="separator"><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tRTgb3eV0t0/X2I7_JRX3vI/AAAAAAAAKuc/zMqmIX0suVI2g8SzjmIPI5IhK0tyB6S0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s629/fdi%2B1.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tRTgb3eV0t0/X2I7_JRX3vI/AAAAAAAAKuc/zMqmIX0suVI2g8SzjmIPI5IhK0tyB6S0wCLcBGAsYHQ/w422-h540/fdi+1.jpg" alt="Why Foreign Direct Investment Was Already Sagging" width="422" height="540" data-original-height="629" data-original-width="491" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">What were the main drivers of this decline before 2020? Qiang and Kusek write that it's been a combination of economic, business, and political factors. They write:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">More specifically, worsening business fundamentals have driven much of the decline in FDI since 2015, when FDI flows reached their&nbsp;post-crisis peak. The global average rate of return on FDI decreased from 8.0 percent in&nbsp;2010 to 6.8 percent in 2018 (UNCTAD 2019). While the rates of return have dropped&nbsp;in both developing and developed countries, the declines have been especially large in developing countries.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="s1">Furthermore, changing business models&nbsp;resulting from technological advances have driven declines in FDI levels and returns. In&nbsp;particular, increases in labor costs and the rise of advanced manufacturing technologies have eroded or decreased the significance of many&nbsp;developing countries’ labor cost advantages.&nbsp;At the same time, the increasing importance of the digital economy and services is shifting businesses toward more asset-light models of investment (UNCTAD 2019). In addition, commodity price slumps have adversely&nbsp;affected returns on FDI in more commodity-dependent markets (such as many economies&nbsp;in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-</span><span class="s1">Saharan Africa)</span></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Countries around the world, including developing countries, have also become less supportive of FDI in recent years. This figure is based on actions by 55 countries, and whether those countries are changing their rules to be more or less favorable to FDI in a given year.</span></p>\r\n
    <div class="separator"><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iYVFAyRKSA4/X2I9u6_GGlI/AAAAAAAAKuk/ixWXQvkDcAQy4ppScATk09egV3GvFllEwCLcBGAsYHQ/s787/fdi%2B2.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iYVFAyRKSA4/X2I9u6_GGlI/AAAAAAAAKuk/ixWXQvkDcAQy4ppScATk09egV3GvFllEwCLcBGAsYHQ/w423-h247/fdi+2.jpg" alt="Why Foreign Direct Investment Was Already Sagging" width="423" height="247" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="787" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Much of the rest of the report is made up of case studies of the effects of FDI, including how governments can take full advantage of its potential benefits and cushion any resulting disruptions. But for now, that side of the argument seems to be losing ground.</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1600346099 {#1145
    date: 2020-09-17 12:34:59.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1600346170 {#1150
    date: 2020-09-17 12:36:10.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 1994
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1600346099 {#1148
    date: 2020-09-17 12:34:59.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "Why Foreign Direct Investment Was Already Sagging"
  -metadesc: "Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a management component."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1600346099 {#1147
    date: 2020-09-17 12:34:59.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = d920da)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"6956be"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 8979a6)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"cfdfe2"