GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure

Response
200 OK
IP
3.20.206.240
Profiled on
Token
4538d0

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"global-economy"
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"george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"

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Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=c275rfrn0jshiftbgc1t2lc5hv"
host 
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user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:22:33 GMT"
link 
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Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"c275rfrn0jshiftbgc1t2lc5hv"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:22:18 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:22:32 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Show trace 
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    "args" => [
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "run"
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      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
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    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
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    "function" => "callListeners"
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Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=c275rfrn0jshiftbgc1t2lc5hv"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nPmbiBoyj8JZ8-HGyAfwAAABU"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nPmbiBoyj8JZ8-HGyAfwAAABU"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.20.206.240"
REMOTE_PORT 
"51760"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740230553
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740230553.0768
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nPmbiBoyj8JZ8-HGyAfwAAABU"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 3f2675)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"05e7f9"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 6cbda9)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"d29333"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = b382f5)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"d0a514"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 668610)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"775aad"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 4544
  -title: "George Stigler: Market Failure Much Smaller than Political Failure"
  -slug: "george-stigler-market-failure-much-smaller-than-political-failure"
  -introtext: "<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Monopoly.html">George Stigler once made the case for a market-based economy (in an entry about "Monopoly"</a>&nbsp;</span>in the&nbsp;<em>Concise Encylopedia of Economics</em>) just by arguing that it beats the alternatives.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">A famous theorem in economics states that a competitive enterprise economy will produce the largest possible income from a given stock of resources. No real economy meets the exact conditions of the theorem, and all real economies will fall short of the ideal economy—a difference called "market failure." In my view, however, the degree of "market failure" for the American economy is much smaller than the "political failure" arising from the imperfections of economic policies found in real political systems. The merits of laissez-faire rest less upon its famous theoretical foundations than upon its advantages over the actual performance of rival forms of economic organization.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Of course, this view is reminiscent of the famous comment by Winston Churchill (<span style="color: #808080;">i<a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.bartleby.com/73/417.html">n a speech before the House of Commons on November 11, 1947</a></span>) defending democracy on the grounds that it at least beats the alternatives. Churchill said:</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of Government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Such broad characterizations always deserve some pushback. For example, "democracy" in the real world typically comes with many safeguards against direct rule by immediate decisions of the population: the rules for how political representatives are elected, dividing power among branches of government, constitutions that set certain limits on what democratically-elected representatives can decide, and so on. These rules vary in substantial ways across nations that would be fairly classified as "democracies." Similarly, countries that would be fairly classified as market economies have many safeguards against the unfettered domination by market forces, and such rules vary considerably across countries.</span><br /> <br /><span style="color: #000000;"> But pushback to the pushback is fair game, as well. Looking around the world, we don't have any examples of countries with successful model of state-run economic organization that have consistently over the long-term provided a higher level of standard of living or faster growth than the many countries with&nbsp; market-based systems--that is,&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2018/11/the-scandinavian-style-of-capitalism.html">not just a different set of constraints and rules to a fundamentally market-oriented economy</a></span>, but a genuinely different model where the economy is run primarily through the political system. That fact tends to confirm Stigler's suggestion that real-world political failures in economic management can be severe.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <a style="color: #000000;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/08/george-stigler-market-failure-much.html"><span style="color: #808080;">Conversable Economist</span>.</a></span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1566806632 {#1145
    date: 2019-08-26 08:03:52.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1566806759 {#1150
    date: 2019-08-26 08:05:59.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 1883
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1566806630 {#1148
    date: 2019-08-26 08:03:50.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "George Stigler once made the case for a market-based economy (in an entry about "Monopoly"\u{A0}in the\u{A0}Concise Encylopedia of Economics) just by arguing that it beats the alternatives.\u{A0}"
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1566806630 {#1147
    date: 2019-08-26 08:03:50.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = b48b21)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"bcaf76"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 940e9b)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"f3ddfd"