GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner

Response
200 OK
IP
3.17.9.149
Profiled on
Token
5833ac

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"article_show"
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_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"79f8f8"
category 
"environment"
slug 
"ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"

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Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"care_did=963be9b1-b4db-4e96-936b-63e07cfa8876; PHPSESSID=mai144rblb9jlkgaq37q2af502"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:31:15 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"5833ac"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"mai144rblb9jlkgaq37q2af502"
care_did 
"963be9b1-b4db-4e96-936b-63e07cfa8876"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:31:09 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:31:13 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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"4dTfPi_juovFLl44mVfmgz7PjsZQb41frtFygYUJ27A"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"0FybWdhXo1BHG4hgsVnKdLsADA6VIin6tTUhXy1hMoc"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
[
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "display"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
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    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"care_did=963be9b1-b4db-4e96-936b-63e07cfa8876; PHPSESSID=mai144rblb9jlkgaq37q2af502"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRoriBoyj8JZ8-HGyDBQAAAAI"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRoriBoyj8JZ8-HGyDBQAAAAI"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.17.9.149"
REMOTE_PORT 
"12878"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740231075
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740231075.3426
REQUEST_URI 
"/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/environment/ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRoriBoyj8JZ8-HGyDBQAAAAI"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 2e5f38)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"204ac0"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = da52f5)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"a53ef6"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = d75fc2)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e74926"
category 
"Environment"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = b1e6b4)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b26b86"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 1446
  -title: "Ignore the Noise. Yes, Electric Vehicles are Cleaner"
  -slug: "ignore-the-noise-yes-electric-vehicles-are-cleaner"
  -introtext: "<p>Germany’s high court has now permitted cities to individually ban diesels.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Erste-Fahrverbote-kommen-in-Hamburg-article20311494.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Hamburg</a>&nbsp;was the first to ban pre-Euro 6 diesel engine vehicles on a mile-long stretch of road. Stuttgart and Munich – German cities with the most significant air quality issues, but also large automaker representation – are bound to follow suit.&nbsp;</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>These moves will see German cities&nbsp;<a href="http://www.schroders.com/en/insights/economics/city-smog-is-flipping-the-switch-to-electric-vehicles/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">joining</a>&nbsp;more substantial efforts in Tokyo, Mexico City, Paris, and Madrid among others. The primary aim, of course, is to reduce air pollution (and in some cases, congestion).</p>\r\n
    <p>The net result is significantly accelerated interest and adoption in electric vehicles. Auto industry associations in&nbsp;<a href="http://europe.autonews.com/article/20171207/ANE/171209831/german-sales-likely-to-fall-next-year-on-lower-diesel-demand-vda-says" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Germany</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.smmt.co.uk/2017/07/smmt-statement-response-government-plans-regarding-diesel-petrol-cars/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">UK</a>&nbsp;rightfully claim the OEMs aren’t ready for diesel bans, but wrongly have attempted to delay them. Nevertheless, the European OEMs these groups represent are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/business/energy-environment/volvo-hybrid-electric-car.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">tooling down</a>&nbsp;their internal-combustion engine development, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/volkswagen-to-invest-836484-billion-over-five-years-1385136638" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">tooling up</a>&nbsp;their electric-vehicle programs, most (but not all) embracing the opportunity that the paradigm shift presents.</p>\r\n
    <h2><span style="color: #10228b;">Follow the Money on Electric Vehicle Scepticism</span></h2>\r\n
    <p>A more pointed undercurrent of pointed electric vehicle scepticism continues in oil-friendly states and media, however. Like with climate change denial, it’s important to “follow the money”. Some of the many self-interested&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/publications/got-science/2017/got-science-feb-2017" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">groups</a>, like&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830204854/https:/fuelingusforward.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Fueling US Forward</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150828203820/http:/instituteforenergyresearch.org/about/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Institute for Energy Research</a>, last just long enough to spread misinformation, and then morph into another name – much like&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/19/twitter-admits-far-more-russian-bots-posted-on-election-than-it-had-disclosed" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Russian Twitterbots</a>. One research group, who managed to sow seeds of doubt (and at least two articles in “Wired”, one entitled “<a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/03/teslas-electric-cars-might-not-green-think/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Tesla’s Electric Cars Aren’t as Green as You Think</a>”) holds a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.devonshireresearch.com/research/Devonshire%20Research%20Group%20-%20Tesla%20Motors%20-%20TSLA%20-%20Public%20Release.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">short</a>&nbsp;position on Tesla.</p>\r\n
    <p>Many groups have a common benefactor: the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1102474_koch-brothers-go-to-war-against-electric-cars-elon-musk-sighs" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Koch Brothers</a>. Their company is the second-largest privately held company in the US, and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/inside-the-koch-brothers-toxic-empire-20140924" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">number three polluter</a>&nbsp;of America’s air, water, and climate, trailing only ExxonMobil and American Electric Power.&nbsp;They have spent millions to “Change the Energy Narrative” and have labelled EVs as “dirtier” than petrol or diesel cars.&nbsp;Again, follow the money: the Koch Brothers’&nbsp;<a href="https://www.investopedia.com/insights/companies-owned-koch-brothers/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">largest company</a>&nbsp;“offers petroleum products, gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuels and other oil products.”</p>\r\n
    <h2><span style="color: #10228b;">EV: Living a Clean(er) Life</span></h2>\r\n
    <p>To be clear: yes indeed, EVs are not yet “zero emissions” when one considers the entire “well-to-wheel” emissions. Still, the latest&nbsp;<a href="https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/TE%20-%20draft%20report%20v04.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">independent study</a>&nbsp;by the research Group MOBI in Brussels found that across the entire life-cycle, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) “have significant lower impact on climate change and urban air quality, compared to conventional vehicles.”&nbsp;Even in those European countries with the very highest CO2 production in energy (i.e. with the most coal-fired powerplants), life-cycle emissions from a BEV are 25% lower than the benchmark diesel.</p>\r\n
    <p>The result is similar in the US, and with petrol engines:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-28/how-green-is-your-electric-car" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Bloomberg New Energy Finance</a>research found that “running off electricity was 39% cleaner than using internal combustion engines in 2016.”&nbsp;The case is closed, and the facts speak for themselves.</p>\r\n
    <div><img src="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C5112AQEWHMNCCt8y1Q/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/0?e=2121951600&amp;v=alpha&amp;t=sJg9NTkR3T9M1e5-XhSHFoquOXy5V33bcwyhuvFUOx4" alt="" width="888" height="454" data-media-urn="urn:li:digitalmediaAsset:C5112AQEWHMNCCt8y1Q" data-li-src="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C5112AQEWHMNCCt8y1Q/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/0?e=2121951600&amp;v=alpha&amp;t=sJg9NTkR3T9M1e5-XhSHFoquOXy5V33bcwyhuvFUOx4" /></div>\r\n
    <h2><br /><span style="color: #10228b;">The Four “R’s”</span></h2>\r\n
    <p>We see four “R’s” that ensure that EVs will accomplish what diesel (and potentially, petrol) bans will have started: to transition toward cleaner transport solutions in cities.</p>\r\n
    <p>First: Renewables. Even as energy use increases, it’s becoming clear that renewable energy sources are now, or&nbsp;<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/renewable-energy-cheaper-fossil-fuels-2020-uk-green-climate-change-global-warming-report-irea-a8160051.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">will by 2020</a>&nbsp;become the cheapest, and most efficient way to add capacity. It’s become almost a running joke (see Michael Liebreich’s&nbsp;<a href="https://vimeo.com/234849517" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Industry Keynote</a>), that every year for over ten years, energy industry projections for solar capacity have needed to be revised upward as costs have come down faster than expected. “<a href="https://thinkprogress.org/coal-is-dead-692729aa910d/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Coal is dead, and oil faces peak demand”,</a>&nbsp;claims the world’s largest investment group.</p>\r\n
    <p>Second: Reuse. Even batteries at the end of a long, 7-10 year (over 500,000 km) automotive lifecycle have shown to hold well over 70% charging capacity. Nissan and Tesla even provide warranties accordingly.</p>\r\n
    <p>This means, that even when the vehicle’s lifespan is over, the (then removed) batteries can be&nbsp;<a href="https://www.automotiveworld.com/analysis/plug-cars-plug-homes-ev-batteries-get-second-life/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">reused</a>&nbsp;in fixed applications, resulting in some interesting business models.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mobilityhouse.com/en/blog/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">The Mobility House</a>&nbsp;– part owned by&nbsp;<a href="http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Daimler-takes-a-share-in-energy-expert-The-Mobility-House.xhtml?oid=30014987" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Daimler</a>&nbsp;– has worked together with a number of OEMs. Old Nissan Leaf batteries will power the Amsterdam ArenA, home to the Ajax football team.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/3027269/renault-to-transform-portuguese-island-into-green-power-leader" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Renault</a>&nbsp;is building stationary battery banks to store excess power from wind and solar plants on an island.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.abb.co.uk/cawp/seitp202/815eaba137150b8c48257ac400257c2c.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">GM and ABB</a>&nbsp;have also worked on reuse solutions for Volt batteries. Endless potential abounds, as battery packs are used to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/giga-what-freedom-from-energy-companies-power-plugs-lukas-neckermann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">store energy and stabilise grids</a>.</p>\r\n
    <p>Third: Recycling. There is increasing and justified concern that the mining of rare earth materials for lithium-ion batteries – primarily&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/aug/24/nickel-mining-hidden-environmental-cost-electric-cars-batteries" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">nickel</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2018/02/28/the-cost-of-cobalt/?utm_term=.4354bb5badc3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">cobalt</a>, and lithium – could create a new environmental disaster, not unlike that caused by the last century of commercial oil drilling and refining. It is true, that mining processes for these materials – especially in these early phases – are not optimised yet. It’s a challenge to make this environmentally tenable (although not much of a challenge to make it cleaner than oil and coal).</p>\r\n
    <p>Crucially, however, lithium can be recycled – unlike oil used in transport.</p>\r\n
    <p>The US Geological Survey of 2013 even projected a decrease in virgin lithium material needed in the US, as all cars become EVs, and the lithium content from their battery-packs is recycled.</p>\r\n
    <p>While today’s market&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/8342ec6c-5fde-11e7-91a7-502f7ee26895" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">doesn’t yet support</a>&nbsp;high-capacity recycling plants for these rare earth materials, I expect this to follow quickly.</p>\r\n
    <div><img src="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C5112AQFGuR7cv47zkw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0?e=2121951600&amp;v=alpha&amp;t=kBGcgYHBHTC-373kSBH4N-lQebY6WWi3ElNHhEIZwNk" alt="" width="889" height="392" data-media-urn="urn:li:digitalmediaAsset:C5112AQFGuR7cv47zkw" data-li-src="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C5112AQFGuR7cv47zkw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0?e=2121951600&amp;v=alpha&amp;t=kBGcgYHBHTC-373kSBH4N-lQebY6WWi3ElNHhEIZwNk" /></div>\r\n
    <p><br />Fourth: Reduce. There is a combinatory effect of electric vehicle adoption and carsharing.&nbsp;As more electric vehicle carsharing options emerge in congested cities, the rate of private car (and currently this invariably means internal-combustion engine vehicle) ownership goes down.&nbsp;Every piece of research suggests that each&nbsp;shared&nbsp;vehicle reduces between 6 and 12&nbsp;owned&nbsp;vehicles.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>So while cities ramp up their internal-combustion engine bans in an effort to clear the air and congestion, they also are well-advised to embrace shared mobility options.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p><a href="http://www.neckermann.net/about/our-team/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Lukas Neckermann</a>&nbsp;is a researcher, author and consultant on the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.neckermann.net/thought-leadership/mobility-revolution/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">mobility revolution</a>. He is an advisor to Hyperion Executive Search, and also to NEXT Future Transportation, SPLYT, and Flock. (Disclosure: he holds long positions in Tesla and other automotive and energy stocks.)</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1522749979 {#1145
    date: 2018-04-03 10:06:19.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1522750402 {#1150
    date: 2018-04-03 10:13:22.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3185
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1522749982 {#1148
    date: 2018-04-03 10:06:22.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "Germany’s high court has now permitted cities to individually ban diesels.\u{A0}Hamburg\u{A0}was the first to ban pre-Euro 6 diesel engine vehicles on a mile-long stretch of road. Stuttgart and Munich – German cities with the most significant air quality issues, but also large automaker representation – are bound to follow suit.\u{A0}"
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1522749982 {#1147
    date: 2018-04-03 10:06:22.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = 31b421)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"7a00a5"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 6e18f7)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"bd0495"