GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience

Response
200 OK
IP
18.190.158.76
Profiled on
Token
5dcc9f

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3616
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      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3735 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3735
      -href: "/build/644.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3734 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3734
      -href: "/build/502.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3733 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3733
      -href: "/build/app.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3732 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3732
      -href: "/build/view-more.js"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3731 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3731
      -href: "/build/term-condition.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3730 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3730
      -href: "/build/contact.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3729 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3729
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3728 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3728
      -href: "/build/app.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3727 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3727
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3726 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3726
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3725 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3725
      -href: "/build/contact-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3724 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3724
      -href: "/build/comment-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
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  ]
}
_route 
"article_show"
_route_params 
[
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]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"7a548c"
category 
"science"
slug 
"optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=pmge9v1ccj8eftcqrvokuuk1o5"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Wed, 16 Apr 2025 07:00:02 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"5dcc9f"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"pmge9v1ccj8eftcqrvokuuk1o5"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Wed, 16 Apr 25 06:59:46 +0000"
Last used 
"Wed, 16 Apr 25 07:00:00 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"gH15rJrkdI_Qq5DCbpI0sWHBEdCRHHCCm_0z-2wpQvk"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"pNuhDHCrA1SpL6CKAAwWlj58SEP4Q9uBnPTAhQYIXd8"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
[
  [
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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  [
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
[
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    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "line" => 35
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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  [
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
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  [
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    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=pmge9v1ccj8eftcqrvokuuk1o5"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z_9VcWoKrZxLoz1OR4R0JgAAAJI"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z_9VcWoKrZxLoz1OR4R0JgAAAJI"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"18.190.158.76"
REMOTE_PORT 
"3751"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1744786801
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1744786801.7891
REQUEST_URI 
"/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z_9VcWoKrZxLoz1OR4R0JgAAAJI"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 771b93)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1b57f7"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = d6497d)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"fa3824"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = fdb01b)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"493ec3"
category 
"Science"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 46af2b)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"9532ab"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 1098
  -title: "Optogenetics – Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience"
  -slug: "optogenetics-innovation-in-biotechnology-and-neuroscience"
  -introtext: """
    <div id="ember2919" class="ember-view">\r\n
    <div class="reader-article-content"><span style="color: #000000;">How the&nbsp;light&nbsp;and&nbsp;genetics&nbsp;may treat brain disorders in the future?&nbsp;Imagine being able to&nbsp;treat&nbsp;neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s,&nbsp;epilepsy,&nbsp;PTSD, depression, and anxiety with non-invasive light-based therapy.&nbsp;This is the quest of pioneering scientists and researchers in optogenetics,&nbsp;an emerging field in biotechnology that uses light to control cells in living tissues such as neurons, in order to study brain function.</span><br /><br /></div>\r\n
    """
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <div class="reader-article-content">\r\n
    <p>British Nobel laureate&nbsp;Francis Crick&nbsp;of The Salk Institute for Biological Studies in&nbsp;La Jolla, California&nbsp;put forth the concept of the ability to turn the firing of “one or more types of neuron on and off in the alert animal in a rapid manner”&nbsp;by using light as “the ideal signal” in his paper “The impact of molecular biology on neuroscience” published in&nbsp;<em>Philosophical Transactions&nbsp;of the Royal Society&nbsp;B</em>&nbsp;in 1999.&nbsp;Crick noted that&nbsp;his concept might be somewhat&nbsp;“far-fetched.”&nbsp;Yet as improbable as it would seem&nbsp;to the brightest minds in science&nbsp;before the turn of the century,&nbsp;this&nbsp;idea&nbsp;was proven&nbsp;in a little over half a decade.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>In optogenetics, scientists add genetic code to target tissue, typically a neuron, which enables it to make light-responsive proteins called opsins. Gero&nbsp;Miesenböck and Boris Zemelman&nbsp;published a study in 2002&nbsp;titled “Selective photostimulation of genetically charged neurons” in&nbsp;<em>Neuron</em>. They used&nbsp;opsin from the retina of a fruit fly to make a neuron light-sensitive.&nbsp;A year later, they&nbsp;demonstrated the use of heterologous proteins&nbsp;to sensitize neurons to light [1].&nbsp;Peter Hegemann, Georg Nagel and other researchers published their discovery of phototaxis and photophobic responses of green algae&nbsp;in 2002 [2].&nbsp;In&nbsp;August 2005, MIT neuroscientist Ed. Boyden, PhD, along with Karl Deisseroth, Feng Zhang, Georg Nagel, and Ernst Bamberg published in&nbsp;<em>Nature Neuroscience</em>&nbsp;a landmark breakthrough&nbsp;in optogenetics, “Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.”&nbsp;Neurons inserted with opsin from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, called channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), turned on when exposed to blue light, and turned off when the light was removed [3].&nbsp;This discovery paved the way for other researchers&nbsp;in neuroscience and biomedicine.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>In 2016, Boyden, Li-Huei Tsai, and other researchers published “Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia” in&nbsp;<em>Nature</em>&nbsp;which describes how amyloid plaques&nbsp;diminished using optogenetic techniques.&nbsp;What was even more ground-breaking was that they also discovered they could achieve similar results using optical light&nbsp;exposure without&nbsp;optogenetics [4].&nbsp;More research is underway in this area as a possible future treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.</p>\r\n
    <p>In a September 2017 interview with Eric J. Topol, MD published on&nbsp;<em>Medscape</em>,&nbsp;Boyden&nbsp;stated&nbsp;that there are “a couple of companies that have already begun, or are about to begin, clinical trials in humans.”&nbsp;Boyden mentioned Texas-based&nbsp;biotech RetroSense Therapeutics,&nbsp;purchased by Allergan in 2016, as one example.&nbsp;According to&nbsp;<em>STAT</em>, RetroSense’s clinical trial was&nbsp;not only the&nbsp;first time optogenetics have been used in humans, but also it was&nbsp;the first time non-human DNA was put into a human&nbsp;[5]. In&nbsp;this case,&nbsp;algae DNA was put in a virus, then injected in&nbsp;the&nbsp;human&nbsp;retina cells&nbsp;with the goal&nbsp;to treat retinitis pigmentosa, a&nbsp;rare&nbsp;disease&nbsp;that causes blindness&nbsp;[6].</p>\r\n
    <p>On February 9, 2018, a global team of researchers from Japan, Singapore, and the USA published in&nbsp;<em>Science</em>, “Near-infrared deep brain stimulation via upconversion nanoparticle – mediated optogenetics.” This study was a milestone in optogenetics because it demonstrated the use of injecting nanoparticles into the ventral tegmental area&nbsp;(VTA)&nbsp;of a rodent brain. Instead of using a blue laser to activate the ChR2 in dopaminergic neurons, they used a less invasive technique with infrared light&nbsp;delivered at a distance of&nbsp;several millimeters outside the skull that resulted in the ability to stimulate dopamine release&nbsp;in the VTA, triggered memory recall, and neuromodulated hippocampal excitatory cells.</p>\r\n
    <p>Today optogenetics is being used for research in neuroscience, behavioral science, cardiology, ophthalmology and other areas.&nbsp;The global optogenetics market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 17.7 percent and reach USD 46.82 million by 2022 according to Stratistics MRC.&nbsp;Optogenetics is an innovative&nbsp;technology that is enabling neuroscientists and biomedical researchers to study how the brain works&nbsp;in hopes of discovering novel, less-invasive treatments for neurological disorders.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <h2><span style="color: #10228b;"><strong>References</strong></span></h2>\r\n
    <p>1.&nbsp;Zemelman, Boris V.;&nbsp;Nesnas, Nasri,;&nbsp;Lee, Georgia&nbsp;A.;&nbsp;Miesenböck, Gero. “Photochemical gating of heterologous ion channels:&nbsp;Remote&nbsp;control over genetically designated populations of neurons.”&nbsp;<em>Neuroscience</em>. 2003 Jan 22.</p>\r\n
    <p>2.&nbsp;Nagel, Georg; Ollig, Doris; Fuhrmann, Markus; Kateriya, Suneel; Musti, Anna Maria; Bamberg, Ernst; Hegemann, Peter.&nbsp;“Channelrhodopsin-1: A Light-Gated Proton Channel in Green Algae.”&nbsp;<em>Science</em>. 2002-06-28.</p>\r\n
    <p>3.&nbsp;Lim, Diana H. and LeDue, Jeffrey. “What is Optogenetics And How Can We Use It To Discover More About The Brain?”&nbsp;<em>Frontiers Young Minds</em>. Volume 5, Article 51. September 2017.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>4.&nbsp;Preston, Elizabeth. “A Neurobiologist Thinks Big – and Small.”&nbsp;<em>Quanta Magazine.</em>January 18, 2018.</p>\r\n
    <p>5.&nbsp;Swetlitz, Ike. “Optogenetics startup RetroSense bought by Allergan for $60 million.”&nbsp;<em>STAT</em>. September 6, 2016.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>6.&nbsp;Ibid.</p>\r\n
    </div>\r\n
    </div>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1519578586 {#1145
    date: 2018-02-25 17:09:46.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1521999398 {#1150
    date: 2018-03-25 17:36:38.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 7494
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1519578588 {#1148
    date: 2018-02-25 17:09:48.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "How the light and genetics may treat brain disorders in the future? Imagine being able to treat neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, PTSD, depression, and anxiety with non-invasive light-based therapy. This is the quest of pioneering scientists and researchers in optogenetics, an emerging field in biotechnology that uses light to control cells in living tissues such as neurons, in order to study brain function."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1519578588 {#1147
    date: 2018-02-25 17:09:48.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = 7ad189)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"d62e23"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 9c14fc)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"ea69c7"