GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency

Response
200 OK
IP
18.191.70.28
Profiled on
Token
6c362e

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3548
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    3669 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3669
      -href: "/build/runtime.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3667 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3667
      -href: "/build/644.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3666 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3666
      -href: "/build/502.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3665 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3665
      -href: "/build/app.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3664 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3664
      -href: "/build/view-more.js"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3663 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3663
      -href: "/build/term-condition.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3662 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3662
      -href: "/build/contact.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3661 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3661
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3660 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3660
      -href: "/build/app.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3659 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3659
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3658 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3658
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3657 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3657
      -href: "/build/contact-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3656 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3656
      -href: "/build/comment-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
_route 
"article_show"
_route_params 
[
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  "slug" => "a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"ef08db"
category 
"financial"
slug 
"a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"care_did=55bce681-f434-4a77-b078-dbbd12285455; PHPSESSID=cj50tn901mdcs8ckv88ijk1tut"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 09:01:15 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"6c362e"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"cj50tn901mdcs8ckv88ijk1tut"
care_did 
"55bce681-f434-4a77-b078-dbbd12285455"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 09:00:43 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 09:01:14 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"YB9_Y-7i9EYqV5uAggGMbsjWqdq4x2Wev1PnFSU7pOQ"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"pn9suflBQkq77iD-panErrhvxdjVM1fIw3AS_jbgkYU"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
Show trace 
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    "function" => "require_once"
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-csrf/TokenStorage/SessionTokenStorage.php"
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
[
  [
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    "line" => 52
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
[
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    "args" => [
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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  [
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "run"
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  [
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "filterResponse"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"care_did=55bce681-f434-4a77-b078-dbbd12285455; PHPSESSID=cj50tn901mdcs8ckv88ijk1tut"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mSW5DyWLT8YV1VjBpFHwAAAIs"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mSW5DyWLT8YV1VjBpFHwAAAIs"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"18.191.70.28"
REMOTE_PORT 
"34479"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740214875
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740214875.4916
REQUEST_URI 
"/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/financial/a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mSW5DyWLT8YV1VjBpFHwAAAIs"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = ec6e0c)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"19deb0"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 36741b)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"0bac86"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 64c8cb)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"44e3e3"
category 
"Finance"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = b1aa3a)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"296263"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 11312
  -title: "A Decentralizing World Needs Decentralized Currency"
  -slug: "a-decentralizing-world-needs-decentralized-currency"
  -introtext: "<p>Globalization may have ended the minute the first Russian soldier crossed into Ukraine, and with it, the idea of a centralized global currency.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p id="39b4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz me" data-selectable-paragraph><span class="l mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn ct">As</span>Russian tanks rolled into Ukraine for the “denazification” of the country, the veneer of global condemnation was pockmarked by its lack of a genuine, unified response.</p>\r\n
    <p id="bafa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>As Western nations rallied around Ukraine and condemned Russia, others took a far more restrained approach, from South Africa whose President Cyril Ramaphosa sought a “balanced” position to the war, to China’s deafening silence on the matter.</p>\r\n
    <p id="a58c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro declared,</p>\r\n
    <p class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" style="padding-left: 30px;" data-selectable-paragraph>“We will not take sides. We will continue being neutral and help with whatever is possible.”</p>\r\n
    <p id="6c90" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>While Mexico’s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador declined to join his country with Western sanctions being leveled against Russia, declaring,</p>\r\n
    <p id="b05c" class="li lj mr lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq ms ls lt lu mt lw lx ly mu ma mb mc md iw fz" style="padding-left: 30px;" data-selectable-paragraph>“We are not going to take any sort of economic reprisal because we want to have good relations with all the governments in the world.”</p>\r\n
    <p id="bffc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>For anyone who consumes primarily Western media, it may appear as if the world is united in condemnation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but dig a little deeper, read between the lines, and it becomes alarmingly clear that there is no such global coalition.</p>\r\n
    <p id="c50a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>And this could have important implications not just on the rules-based postwar global order led by the U.S., it could also have dramatic impact on the future of international finance, not least of which has been the move by the U.S. and its allies to freeze Russia’s foreign currency reserves.</p>\r\n
    <h2 id="b5f8" class="mv mw jd bo mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf lr ng nh ni lv nj nk nl lz nm nn no np fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Dollar for Dominance</h2>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/articles/global-economy/US_Dollar_Bank_Note.jpeg" alt="US Dollar Bank Note" width="600" height="400" /></p>\r\n
    <p id="db8a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll nq ke ln lo nr kh lq lr ns lt lu lv nt lx ly lz nu mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>So dominant is the dollar that even on the eve of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as much as 25% of the country’s foreign assets were denominated in dollars, assets which Moscow has since discovered it can no longer access.</p>\r\n
    <p id="0c99" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>To be sure, this is hardly the first time that Washington has weaponized the dollar.</p>\r\n
    <p id="dc0f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Soon after American troops left Afghanistan, Washington took measures to freeze the conquering Taliban’s access to the country’s foreign reserves, almost all of which were in dollars and held in U.S. financial institutions.</p>\r\n
    <p id="e57f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>The Biden administration’s freezing of Afghan’s foreign assets has plunged the country into economic ruin and today as much as 95% of the Afghan population does not have enough to eat on a daily basis.</p>\r\n
    <p id="f255" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>While imposing sanctions on Afghanistan, the world’s 113th largest (or smallest) economy, is unlikely to have major ramifications to the global economy, sanctioning a country the size of Russia, which is the world’s 11th largest economy, has serious repercussions that the world is just coming to terms with.</p>\r\n
    <p id="4533" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>The power of U.S. sanctions in derives from the dominance of the U.S. dollar, which is the most widely-used currency in trade, financial transactions and central bank reserves.</p>\r\n
    <p id="7c91" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Yet by explicitly weaponizing the dollar against a country the size of Russia, the U.S. and its allies risk provoking a backlash that could ultimately undermine the greenback and decentralize the global financial system into blocs that would increase inefficiencies, raise the threat of currency wars and leave everyone worse off.</p>\r\n
    <p id="1d5d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>History is replete with how wars have upended previous currency hegemonies, from the Romans to the British.</p>\r\n
    <h2 id="a60d" class="mv mw jd bo mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf lr ng nh ni lv nj nk nl lz nm nn no np fz" data-selectable-paragraph>A Dollar for My Empire</h2>\r\n
    <p id="6e1e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll nq ke ln lo nr kh lq lr ns lt lu lv nt lx ly lz nu mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>In a speech earlier this month, former executive vice-president of the Bank of China, Zhang Yanling said that Western sanctions would “cause the U.S. to lose its credibility and undermine the dollar’s hegemony in the long run,” suggesting that China could help the world “get rid of the dollar hegemony sooner rather than later.”</p>\r\n
    <p id="40e6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>And Larry Fink, the CEO of the world’s largest asset manager BlackRock, argued in his annual letter to shareholders that the “Russian invasion of Ukraine has put an end to the globalization we have experienced over the last three decades,” which could see the greater use of digital currencies.</p>\r\n
    <p id="0586" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>But such a view also disregards the inertia in cross border finance — once a currency is widely used, that network effect and the infrastructure that supports it become hard to dismantle.</p>\r\n
    <p id="4682" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Even after the last paved road no longer led to Rome, Roman coinage was still being used in parts of the former empire.</p>\r\n
    <p id="e87b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>And despite the hellish sanctions that Western allies have leveled against Russia, the Russians themselves have found ways to circumvent those sanctions, with ordinary Russians reverting to cryptocurrencies to help carriage their wealth out of the country as the ruble plummeted.</p>\r\n
    <p id="ae12" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>That initial Russian demand for cryptocurrencies has since ebbed, and the ruble has largely recovered, thanks to draconian capital controls and stupendous interest rate increases that Moscow has unveiled in response to the sanctions.</p>\r\n
    <p id="6d2f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Nevertheless, there are some tentative signs that Russia has already found ways to bypass the dollar-based U.S. financial system, one area of which is trade.</p>\r\n
    <p id="1ce9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>India for instance, which relies heavily on Russian arms and is eager to maintain the independence of its foreign policy, has been flirting with the idea of providing a payments backdoor to Russia.</p>\r\n
    <p id="5b40" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>And Hungary, has agreed to pay for Russian gas in rubles.</p>\r\n
    <p id="502d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>These “currency corridors” are likely to expand as more countries attempt to find viable alternatives to the dollar and as the global financial system becomes more fragmented.</p>\r\n
    <h2 id="9e2a" class="mv mw jd bo mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf lr ng nh ni lv nj nk nl lz nm nn no np fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Decentralize This</h2>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/articles/global-economy/Understanding_the_Differences_Between_Edge_Computing_and_Decentralized_Computing.jpeg" alt="Understanding the Differences Between Edge Computing and Decentralized Computing" width="600" height="400" /></p>\r\n
    <p id="46eb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll nq ke ln lo nr kh lq lr ns lt lu lv nt lx ly lz nu mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>China has spent years developing its own yuan-denominated cross border interbank payments system intended to rival the Western-dominated SWIFT system and now has over 1,200 member institutions across 100 countries.</p>\r\n
    <p id="7243" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Both CIPS and SWIFT are messaging networks through which international payments are initiated.</p>\r\n
    <p id="072e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>But China’s CIPS is tiny compared with SWIFT and part of the reason for that is the yuan is still not a fully convertible currency, and is unlikely to be in the near future because of Beijing’s fear of capital flight.</p>\r\n
    <p id="c87b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Yet both CIPS and SWIFT have a decentralized analogue in cryptocurrencies.</p>\r\n
    <p id="4634" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Without ever needing a financial intermediary, counterparties can transfer vast sums, include and append whatever messages needed, and rely on smart contracts for cross border transactions.</p>\r\n
    <p id="8a9a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>But while cryptocurrencies can potentially provide an alternative in the future, for now, there are few genuine challengers to the dollar.</p>\r\n
    <p id="168b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>With its accommodative monetary policy, open markets, deep and liquid capital markets and a readily convertible currency, there aren’t any real substitutes for the dollar.</p>\r\n
    <p id="ff0f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>The U.S. economy is also the strongest and most innovative in the world, with independent institutions and robust checks and balances, attributes which no other country can claim to come close to, let alone unequivocally rival.</p>\r\n
    <p id="2dd2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Which is where the argument for decentralized currencies come in, and not just Bitcoin alone.</p>\r\n
    <p id="122f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Whereas Bitcoin could potentially serve as a store of value, with fiat currencies taking reference from the benchmark cryptocurrency, other cryptocurrencies like Ether or Solana, could be used in smart contracts to facilitate both decentralized finance and cross border trade finance.</p>\r\n
    <p id="1f70" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Today, the selection of a contracting currency has become more politicized than ever, and selecting a contracting currency risks luring trading counterparties into an ideological minefield.</p>\r\n
    <p id="5e5e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Rather than draw political lines in commercial transactions, contracting parties could simply decide to use a variety of cryptocurrencies to achieve their intended purpose, without offending or obliging any sovereign state.</p>\r\n
    <p id="921d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Such a concept may not be as outlandish as it sounds.</p>\r\n
    <p id="6809" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Although El Salvador was the first country in the world to declare Bitcoin legal tender, Mexico is mulling a similar move and if the movement generates sufficient traction, has the potential to create the same sort of network effects that the dollar enjoys.</p>\r\n
    <p id="9e01" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Just as Bretton Woods, the gold-backed dollar-based global monetary system made the greenback the center of economic life, a “New Bretton Woods” led by cryptocurrencies could potentially be born out of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.</p>\r\n
    <p id="b1f6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>In the previous Bretton Woods, the dollar was guaranteed in gold, and other currencies took reference from the dollar, to avoid the ruinous currency wars that contributed to the outbreak of the Second World War.</p>\r\n
    <p id="d5d2" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>When the U.S. abandoned the gold standard in 1971, effectively ending Bretton Woods, currency wars were largely avoided because the world was quite content to use the dollar as its reference currency, even though it was no longer backed by gold.</p>\r\n
    <p id="1909" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Now that the dollar has been weaponized, more countries are going to question whether they should be subsidizing America’s profligacy and it is entirely possible that the world could revert to some form of “backed money,” even one possibly backed by Bitcoin.</p>\r\n
    <p id="fc92" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Given that Bitcoin’s creation is decentralized and it is programmatically limited to 21 million ever, it isn’t susceptible to the sort of debasement that fiat currencies like the dollar are, nor can it be weaponized in the same way.</p>\r\n
    <p id="ac79" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Unlike the dollar, no authority can “confiscate” another’s Bitcoin, the way Washington has been able to invalidate the dollar-denominated foreign reserves of its enemies.</p>\r\n
    <p id="9d67" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>While Russians today may no longer be chasing after cryptocurrencies as feverishly as they were in the early days of sanctions, the full economic effect of these Western sanctions has yet to be felt.</p>\r\n
    <p id="5ca3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>It is only with the passage of time that the financial blockade on Russia will be fully felt by the country and its people, and the U.S. and its allies remains at the ready to apply these same stinging sanctions on those who aid and abet Moscow in evading them, and that, in the long run, will incentivize the active search for alternatives.</p>\r\n
    <p id="1838" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>Global head of short-term interest rate strategy at Credit Suisse Group Zoltan Pozsar agrees with BlackRock’s Fink, speaking with&nbsp;<em class="mr">Bloomberg’s Odd Lots</em>, Pozsar notes,</p>\r\n
    <p id="0f44" class="li lj mr lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq ms ls lt lu mt lw lx ly mu ma mb mc md iw fz" style="padding-left: 30px;" data-selectable-paragraph>“Larry Fink is right, or rather is probably more informed than all of us on this forum. I do agree that globalization, as we know, it is probably over.”</p>\r\n
    <p id="c80d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph li lj jd lk b ll lm ke ln lo lp kh lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md iw fz" data-selectable-paragraph>If globalization is over, then the age of decentralization will likely be coming, and a decentralized world will need decentralized currency.</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1649679840 {#1145
    date: 2022-04-11 12:24:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1649679860 {#1150
    date: 2022-04-11 12:24:20.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3942
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1649679840 {#1148
    date: 2022-04-11 12:24:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "A Decentralizing World Needs Decentralized Currency"
  -metadesc: "Globalization may have ended the minute the first Russian soldier crossed into Ukraine, and with it, the idea of a centralized global currency."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1649679840 {#1147
    date: 2022-04-11 12:24:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = 97961b)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e5253d"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 63b3d4)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b3c66a"