GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.178
Profiled on
Token
7070b9

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"1a0091"
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"global-economy"
slug 
"is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"

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Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=j29shjsl026b1ieelakvjv0ffh"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Mon, 02 Jun 2025 23:50:52 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"7070b9"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"j29shjsl026b1ieelakvjv0ffh"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:49:43 +0000"
Last used 
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:50:50 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
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Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
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    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "run"
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
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  [
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    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
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    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
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    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
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  [
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    "function" => "filterResponse"
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Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=j29shjsl026b1ieelakvjv0ffh"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aD4421u4xKmtu8snTX6g2gAAANE"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aD4421u4xKmtu8snTX6g2gAAANE"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"216.73.216.178"
REMOTE_PORT 
"36304"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1748908251
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1748908251.5771
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"aD4421u4xKmtu8snTX6g2gAAANE"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 5bbebc)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"7551dc"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 2b47e0)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"3b2c85"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 7cac99)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e14198"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = ad6464)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"62b459"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 8570
  -title: "Is the Pandemic Worse in Lower or Higher Income Countries?"
  -slug: "is-the-pandemic-worse-in-lower-or-higher-income-countries"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">It seems obvious that the<span style="color: #808080;"> <a style="color: #808080;" href="global-economy/policy-for-the-next-pandemics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span> must be worse in lower-income countries.</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"> After all, it seems as if the opportunities for social&nbsp; distancing must be lower in urban areas in those countries, and the resources for everything from protective gear to hospital care must be lower. There are certainly cases where the pandemic has hit some areas hard outside of&nbsp; high-income countries: for example, the current situation in India, or&nbsp;<a style="color: #000000;" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-city-in-brazils-amazon-rain-forest-is-a-stark-warning-about-covid-to-the-rest-of-the-world/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2"><span style="color: #808080;">the city of Manaus in Brazil that suffered a a first wave, and then suffered a second wave with a new variant of COVID</span>.</span></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">But that said, Angus Deaton (<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2015/deaton/facts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2">Nobel '15</span></a></span>) makes a case that the areas outside the high-income countries of the world have, as a group, been less affected by the pandemic in&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/covid-19-and-global-income-inequality" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2">"Covid-19 and Global Income Inequality"</span></a></span>&nbsp;(<i>Milken Institute Review</i>, Second Quarter 2021, pp. 24-35). As a starting point for his argument, consider this figure, which shows countries with higher per capita income have tended to have higher per capita COVID-19 deaths.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/Covid-19_Deaths.jpg" alt="Covid-19_Deaths.jpg" width="395" height="379" /></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;"><br />Deaton discusses this figure from a variety of angles,&nbsp; including the possibility that COVID-19 is less well-measured in lower-income countries. But he argues that a number of other factors may help to explain the pattern of higher COVID-19 deaths in higher-income countries.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">The low number in low-income countries has been&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://www.econ.yale.edu/~pg87/UPDATE_December2020.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2">linked by Pinelopi Goldberg and Tristan Reed</span></a></span>&nbsp;to (the lack of) obesity, to the smaller fraction of the population over 70 and to the lower density of population in the largest urban centers.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Another alternative is to focus on demography.&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.20085506v11" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2">Patrick Heuveline and Michael Tzen provide age-adjusted mortality rates for each country</span></a></span>&nbsp;by using country age-structures to predict what death rates would have been if the age-specific Covid-19 death rates had been the same as the U.S. The ratio of predicted deaths to actual deaths is then used to adjust each country’s crude mortality rate. This procedure scales up mortality rates for countries that are younger than the U.S. (Peru has the highest age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate) and scales down mortality rates for countries like Italy and Spain (which had the highest unadjusted rate) that are older than the U.S.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">If Figure 1 were redrawn using the adjusted rates, the positive slope would remain, though the slope showing the relationship between death rates and income would be reduced from 0.99 to 0.47 — that is, the relationship would hold but would be less pronounced. ...</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">[P]oor countries are also warmer countries, where much activity takes place outside, and there are relatively few large, dense cities with elevators and mass transit to spread the virus. It is also possible that Africa’s long-standing experience with infectious epidemics stood it in good stead during this one. People in countries with more-developed economies consume a higher fraction of income in the form of personal services, which makes infection easier.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Deaton further argues that countries with <span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="science/the-current-calculus-of-covid19-of-darkness-and-dawn" target="_blank">higher death rates</a></span>, as shown in the figure above, have also tended to have worse economic outcomes.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <div class="separator"><img src="/images/Figure_2_Predicted_Growth.jpg" alt="Figure_2_Predicted_Growth.jpg" /></div>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">All analysis of the pandemic is, as yet, incomplete. Deaton's data goes through the end of 2020. Just as India has recently been clobbered by the pandemic, something similar could happen in other countries. Furthermore, in the poorest countries of the world, even a smaller loss of income may cause extreme human suffering.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">But other possible lessons here are that, just perhaps, the pandemic did not make the world a more economically unequal place. Moreover, having lower deaths from the <span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="society/virtual-work-experience-bridges-the-gap-in-opportunities-missed-during-pandemic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pandemic</a></span> appears to be a good way of bolstering a country's economy.</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1620911620 {#1145
    date: 2021-05-13 13:13:40.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1620911934 {#1150
    date: 2021-05-13 13:18:54.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3076
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1620911620 {#1148
    date: 2021-05-13 13:13:40.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "Is the Pandemic Worse in Lower or Higher Income Countries?"
  -metadesc: "It seems obvious that the COVID-19 pandemic must be worse in lower-income countries."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1620911620 {#1147
    date: 2021-05-13 13:13:40.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = 52cf7f)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"199a66"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = e112fb)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"579b72"