GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string

Response
200 OK
IP
18.117.142.64
Profiled on
Token
8452b8

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"global-economy"
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"more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
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host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:57:21 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"8452b8"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"4ofc969afbpgjliuhh5n3vinop"
care_did 
"d225ed89-a394-4555-993d-19f090b9a669"
laikanxia_cookie_id 
"250222165657421"
laikanxia_google_v 
"1"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:56:58 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:57:19 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
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Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "line" => 220
    "function" => "createView"
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    "function" => "show"
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    "function" => "run"
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    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
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    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
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    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
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    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
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    "function" => "__invoke"
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    "function" => "callListeners"
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Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"laikanxia_cookie_id=250222165657421; care_did=d225ed89-a394-4555-993d-19f090b9a669; laikanxia_google_v=1; PHPSESSID=4ofc969afbpgjliuhh5n3vinop"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mRcJDyWLT8YV1VjBpCcwAAAJI"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mRcJDyWLT8YV1VjBpCcwAAAJI"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"18.117.142.64"
REMOTE_PORT 
"8750"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740214640
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740214640.8627
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mRcJDyWLT8YV1VjBpCcwAAAJI"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = c48633)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"860b61"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = e31fb8)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b1da8e"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 0fb474)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"734191"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 1a7fba)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e022f8"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 7848
  -title: "More on the Origins of "Pushing on a String""
  -slug: "more-on-the-origins-of-pushing-on-a-string"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Tie a string to an object. When you pull on a string, the object on the other end comes toward you. </span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">But when you push on a string, the object at the other end of the string is unaffected, because the string just crumples up. For economists, "pushing on a string" refers to the idea that monetary policy may (in certain circumstances) be more effective at reducing inflation even at the cost of a recession than it is at stimulating an economy. Back in 2015, I posted about&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2015/07/pushing-on-string-origin-story.html"><span class="s2">an early use of the "pushing on a string" metaphor during Congressional hearings in March 1935</span></a></span>.&nbsp;<br /> <br /> However, Samuel Demeulemeester has recently written to me with several example from the same time frame, but slightly earlier. Jeff Busby was at the time a Congressman from Mississippi. Willford King was a professor of economics at New York University, and a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Irving Fisher is in the story, too. In short, the metaphor was not a one-off comment in 1935, but was demonstrably familiar to policy-makers and academics at this time.&nbsp; What follows is from Demeulemeester, with his permission (for ease of reading, I have not inserted additional indenting or quotation marks to&nbsp; his email):&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> __________<br /> <br /> I just came across your post of July 30, 2015,&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2015/07/pushing-on-string-origin-story.html"><span class="s2">“Pushing on a String: An Origin Story”</span></a>,</span> in which you suggest that this metaphor might first have been used by Representative T. A. Goldsborough during hearings held on March 18, 1935.<br /> <br /> Goldsborough actually seems to have gotten this metaphor from Willford King of New York University, who used it during hearings before a subcommittee (presided by Goldsborough) of the Committee on Banking and Currency, House of Representatives, on January 30, 1934. King had himself heard it from “somebody” else:</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Mr. BUSBY. Therefore, I think it is more essential we go to the question of dealing with both the up and down amount of bank money that may be issued so as to control it.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Mr. KING. You can prevent overissuance of this bank-deposit currency, but it is very hard to prevent underissuance of the same thing. As somebody said, you can push on a string but it doesn’t produce very good results.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Mr. BUSBY. That is exactly what I have in mind, and I want to see some kind of scheme worked out where we are pushing on the string and you can see some effect on the other end of the string.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">(See&nbsp;<a style="color: #000000;" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100667981"><span class="s2">here</span></a>, p. 71)</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">This Mr. Busby would himself use the metaphor in an exchange with Irving Fisher two days later, on February 1, 1934, before the same subcommittee:</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Mr. BUSBY. As Dr. King said yesterday, you can pull on a string and feel the effect of it. Therefore, you can pull down the fixed media of exchange, but you can’t push it up, just as you can push on a string and feel no effect at the other end. So in adverse times when property prices are falling the only remedy I see to get efficiency out of the arrangement is for the Government to step in and supply where this by-product of the banks' activities is wiped out.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">(Ibid., p. 85)</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">And Fisher himself would use a variation of the “pushing on a string” metaphor in the following passage of his book&nbsp;<i>100% Money</i>&nbsp;(1935):</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Such must often be our predicament so long as we have a system under which our circulating medium is a by-product of private debt. The time when nobody wants to go into debt is the very time when we most need money and so most hope that somebody will kindly accommodate us by going into debt. Few will do so, despite all the official urging and coaxing and despite the low rates of interest. It is a case of leading a horse to water without being able to make him drink. Or it is like “pushing on the lines” to make the horse go.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">(1935, 1st ed., p. 94; [1935] 1936,&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://cdn.mises.org/100%20Percent%20Money_Fisher.pdf"><span class="s2">2nd ed</span></a></span>., p. 105; this passage already appeared in a 1934 draft version of the book)</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">_______________________&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">As Demeulemeester points out in a follow-up email: `By the way, King's statement, as I re-read it, only says that he did not originate the phrase "you can push on a string but it doesn't produce very good results'.&nbsp;This leaves open the possibility that he was the first to apply this metaphor to monetary policy."&nbsp;</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1610997514 {#1145
    date: 2021-01-18 19:18:34.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1610997645 {#1150
    date: 2021-01-18 19:20:45.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 1873
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1610997514 {#1148
    date: 2021-01-18 19:18:34.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "More on the Origins of Pushing on a String"
  -metadesc: "For economists, "pushing on a string" refers to the idea that monetary policy may (in certain circumstances) be more effective at reducing inflation even at the cost of a recession than it is at stimulating an economy. "
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1610997514 {#1147
    date: 2021-01-18 19:18:34.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = e5722c)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"2c5220"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 113a33)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"9d1b36"