GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.240
Profiled on
Token
864975

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
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"security.firewall.map.context.main"
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"article_show"
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[
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_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"a7e609"
category 
"science"
slug 
"diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=v10mbjkbs3t9goorbvch403cbl"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Fri, 20 Jun 2025 05:40:50 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"864975"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"v10mbjkbs3t9goorbvch403cbl"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Fri, 20 Jun 25 05:40:44 +0000"
Last used 
"Fri, 20 Jun 25 05:40:46 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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"E05hTlt6KCm9_VQlQt7fymXqHRqXcYYdO2Lm7hqdXdE"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"KRTkTM2v9L0RcEcWpz1jr72PVfmyHf1_CVxx-5mcZ-o"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
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    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "renderHeader"
    "class" => "App\Controller\AppController"
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  [
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpCache/SubRequestHandler.php"
    "line" => 86
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Fragment/InlineFragmentRenderer.php"
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    "function" => "render"
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  [
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  [
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 448
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
    "line" => 277
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 139
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 214
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=v10mbjkbs3t9goorbvch403cbl"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aFT0YjiffGmKURPcrUU6RwAAABE"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aFT0YjiffGmKURPcrUU6RwAAABE"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"216.73.216.240"
REMOTE_PORT 
"8022"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1750398050
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1750398050.009
REQUEST_URI 
"/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"aFT0YjiffGmKURPcrUU6RwAAABE"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 57a54e)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"de34fe"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = e6ae25)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"c9bfe5"
slug 
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App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 1925
  -title: "Diet, and Delusions of Evidence"
  -slug: "diet-and-delusions-of-evidence"
  -introtext: "<p>Our perennial pseudo-confusion about diet- and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.grubstreet.com/2018/03/ultimate-conversation-on-healthy-eating-and-nutrition.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">pseudo-confusion, it is</a>- is actually fueled by two parallel delusions, running in opposite directions.&nbsp;The first is that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/nutrition-advice_b_3061646.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">every opinion about diet</a>&nbsp;changes the facts about diet; it does not.&nbsp;This delusion operates as if bias, preconceived notion, having the answer before asking the question, or having something to sell - is fully commensurate with expertise and the weight of evidence.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>The second, opposing delusion is that every opinion about the evidence about diet changes the standard of “sufficient evidence.”&nbsp;It does not.&nbsp;This contention harbors the view that any amount of evidence can be dismissed as inadequate or even absent by those who find the message in it inconvenient.</p>\r\n
    <p>Perhaps, then, there is a third delusion, too - that the two delusions above can co-exist.&nbsp;They cannot.&nbsp;If either is right, the other cannot be.&nbsp;There is no way that the assertion of a&nbsp;<a href="http://thefederalist.com/2014/01/17/the-death-of-expertise/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">non-expert opinion</a>&nbsp;at odds with, or absent any meaningful evidence can be “enough,” in a world where a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.truehealthinitiative.org/research/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">vast aggregation of consistent evidence</a>&nbsp;can be dismissed as inadequate or absent by those choosing to ignore it.&nbsp;At worst, a thinking population is obligated to pick one of these.&nbsp;At best, we should renounce them both for the nonsense they are.</p>\r\n
    <p>I have addressed the matter of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182351" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">dietary pattern</a>, the fundamentals consistent with the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/diet-and-nutrition_b_4472930.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">basic care and good feeding of Homo sapiens</a>, many times before- so let’s focus here on those delusions of&nbsp;<a href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/clinical-epidemiology-evidence-based-medicine/book8792" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">evidence</a>.</p>\r\n
    <p>When convenient, evidence that would be inadmissible in any other field is routinely hyperbolized into dietary gospel.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/toasting-2017-goodbye-ketogenic-kool-aid-david/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">current fascination with the ketogenic diet</a>, for instance, essentially resurrects the Atkins proposition under a new rubric.&nbsp;It is based not on a shred of evidence that the diet is sustainable over time, or good for people if so.&nbsp;It is based entirely on short-term improvement in the metabolic profiles of obese people with and without type 2 diabetes.&nbsp;But since almost anything that induces short-term weight loss improves metabolic profiles in obese people- including cocaine use, cholera, and tuberculosis- that hardly rises to the level of relevant evidence for population-wide dietary guidance.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>I am not saying a ketogenic diet is akin to these overtly bad actors; we lack the decisive evidence to know.&nbsp;I am simply saying we lack the evidence required to know that it is not, with a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27479196" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">preponderance of related evidence</a>&nbsp;offering abundant reason for concern. Proponents, however, clearly hope we will leap, on faith in magical remedies, before pausing to look at the actual state of our current understanding.</p>\r\n
    <p>Our bigger problem, however, may be the delusion in the other direction: that we don’t have enough, or even any, evidence to say&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/knowing-what-to-eat-refus_b_5552467.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">what diet is best</a>.&nbsp;Some have made careers principally by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/diet-and-nutrition_b_4755777.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">marketing this very contention</a>.</p>\r\n
    <p>It is false.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>The camp peddling the view that “there is no evidence” is in some ways very analogous to their counterparts who do the same regarding evolution.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4005310-why-evolution-is-true" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">evidence for evolution</a>&nbsp;by natural selection is, with apologies to those who find this truth inconvenient,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Greatest-Show-Earth-Evidence-Evolution/dp/1416594795" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">incontrovertible</a>.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>The fossil record is compelling- just as the randomized trial (RCT) evidence supporting the basic theme of an optimal diet is compelling (see, for instance,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832527" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9989963" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15632335" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341711" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466592" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12876093" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16864756" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">this one</a>, to list a very few).&nbsp;But just as&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2654401" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">RCTs are not necessarily the primary argument for a given dietary pattern</a>, fossils are not the primary argument for evolution.&nbsp;Rather, the evolutionary evidence that truly matters is written in the language of molecular genetics, where there is practically a manual, for those literate to it, of how speciation occurred.&nbsp;Much of the corresponding evidence about diet is written in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27242088" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">fate of populations</a>&nbsp;of us, over lifetimes and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bluezones.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">generations</a>- just as it is for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-feed-humans-like-species-l-katz-md-mph-facpm-facp-faclm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">all other species</a>.</p>\r\n
    <p>The assertion about evolution that “there is no evidence,” or “there is no proof,” comes from those not literate to, or refusing to read, the bountiful proof in hand.&nbsp;It also comes from those who seem inclined to propound that the only alternative to absolute certainty about every detail is abject ignorance of all&nbsp;<a href="http://www.truehealthinitiative.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/TrueHealthInitiative_Pledge1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">fundamentals</a>.&nbsp;So, too, for diet.</p>\r\n
    <p>If that contention were true, we would know nothing about anything.&nbsp;There is no science- not chemistry, not physics, not engineering- where our knowledge is remotely like perfect.&nbsp;Yet,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/science-religion_b_1831217.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">it is good enough</a>&nbsp;to send people to the moon and spacecraft to other planets; to split atoms; to image every nook and cranny of a living body; to transplant organs; and to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/marching-for-science-of-advance-and-retweet_us_58fa1fa7e4b0f02c3870e923" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">beam messages such as this one through cyberspace</a>.&nbsp;The prevailing alternative to knowing everything is knowing something; and at times if not often, knowing enough.&nbsp;</p>\r\n
    <p>Those claiming that knowledge is all or nothing are generally either deluded themselves, or predatory- seeking to foster a gullibility they intend to exploit.</p>\r\n
    <p>Imagine for a moment that this delusion were true; that want of RCTs, or simply not knowing everything- means knowing nothing.&nbsp;A short list of the things we could not know under those conditions includes: that cigarettes cause lung cancer or emphysema; that breathing every hour is necessary for survival; that water is better than gasoline for putting out fire; that working for organized crime increases the risk of death by violence; that&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/diet-and-nutrition_b_5596931.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">parachutes improve outcomes</a>&nbsp;when jumping out of planes.&nbsp;Expand the list yourself as the spirit moves you.</p>\r\n
    <p>Delusions can be benign or malignant; those regarding nutrition are most certainly the latter.&nbsp;While the pseudo-debates over pseudo-controversies rage, and the follies of history endlessly repeat, diet has evolved into the&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2678018" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">leading cause of premature death and chronic disease in the United States</a>.&nbsp;The real reasons for the carnage, under the cover of pseudo-confusion,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/magazine/the-extraordinary-science-of-junk-food.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">hide in plain sight</a>.</p>\r\n
    <p>This is the work of merchants of doubt, whether predatory or delusional, and in the company of their other such abuses.&nbsp;Just such feigned doubt was used to shield the tobacco industry from its rightful indictment for years, at a cost measured in lives.&nbsp;It is used to perpetrate the peddling of guns, which is all about money whatever the pretended Constitutional cover.&nbsp;It is used to justify the climate change procrastination and prevarication that are melting our ice, and sure to cook our goose.</p>\r\n
    <p>When you hear assertions about diet,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.verywellfit.com/verifying-the-science-you-read-4126694" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">look for their basis in something resembling science</a>; either with a trip to the library and the advantage of some expert help, or simply at the tip of your typing fingers.&nbsp;Be sure to look both ways, for sources both for, and against.&nbsp;If the claims seem at odds with, or out of proportion to, the kinds of evidence you find- they almost certainly are.&nbsp;Step away from your credit card.</p>\r\n
    <p>Similarly, when you hear “there is no evidence,” look for yourself.&nbsp;If you readily find yourself up to your neck in citations, you need not be qualified in research methodology to know the claim of “no evidence” is false.</p>\r\n
    <p>Some contend that saturated fat is the worst of nutrition, while others contend it is sugar.&nbsp;I contend it is- forgive me-&nbsp;<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-katz-md/study-saturated-fat-as-ba_b_5507184.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">stupidity</a>: a fatuous processing of food for thought, and a failure to differentiate fact from personal preference, or profiteering fantasy.&nbsp;So it is that dietary delusions prevail, and both diet and health are the poorer for it.</p>\r\n
    <p>My advice is simply to chew the relevant information a bit more carefully before you swallow it.</p>
    """
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