GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.178
Profiled on
Token
9935f9

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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_stopwatch_token 
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accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=to9i0knh91rga9ql834ajlug70"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Mon, 02 Jun 2025 23:35:10 GMT"
link 
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"9935f9"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"to9i0knh91rga9ql834ajlug70"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:34:20 +0000"
Last used 
"Mon, 02 Jun 25 23:35:04 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "run"
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    "args" => [
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    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
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  ]
  [
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    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
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  ]
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    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "callListeners"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=to9i0knh91rga9ql834ajlug70"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aD41LQ1iL5TRfAaG4sggkwAAAEY"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aD41LQ1iL5TRfAaG4sggkwAAAEY"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"216.73.216.178"
REMOTE_PORT 
"7992"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1748907309
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1748907309.8149
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"aD41LQ1iL5TRfAaG4sggkwAAAEY"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 71fade)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1963a2"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = dcb2cf)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"9365ed"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = aac371)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b29dd1"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = b2bf96)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"12a6ae"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 4107
  -title: "Origins of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics"
  -slug: "origins-of-microeconomics-and-macroeconomics"
  -introtext: "<p><span style="color: #000000;">Economists have written about topics that we would now classify under the headings of "microeconomics" or "macroeconomics" for centuries. But the terms themselves are much more recent, emerging only in the early 1940s. For background, I turn to the entry on "Microeconomics" by Hal R. Varian published in&nbsp;<i>The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</i>, dating back to the first edition in 1987.</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">The use of "micro-" and "macro-" seems to date back to&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.sv.uio.no/econ/om/tall-og-fakta/nobelprisvinnere/ragnar-frisch/published-scientific-work/rf-published-scientific-works/rf1933j.pdf">the work of Ragnar Frisch in 1933</a></span>, but he referred to micro-dynamics and macro-dynamics. As Varian writes:</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Frisch used the words ‘micro-dynamic’ and ‘macro-dynamic’, albeit in a way closely related to the current usage of the terms ‘microeconomic’ and ‘macroeconomic’:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">"The micro-dynamic analysis is an analysis by which we try to explain in some detail the behaviour of a certain section of the huge economic mechanism, taking for granted that certain general parameters are given ... The macrodynamic analysis, on the other hand, tries to give an account of the whole economic system taken in its entirety (Frisch 1933)."&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Elsewhere Frisch gives a more explicit definition of these terms that is closely akin to the modern usage of micro and macroeconomics: ‘Microdynamics is concerned with particular markets, enterprises, etc., while macro-dynamics relate to the economic system as a whole’ ....&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">John Maynard Keynes does not seem to have used the micro- and macro- language. But Varian quotes a passage from the<i>&nbsp;General Theory</i>&nbsp;in 1936&nbsp; show that Keynes was quite aware of the distinction. Keynes wrote:</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">The division of Economics between the Theory of Value and Distribution on the one hand and the Theory of Money on the other hand is, I think, a false division. The right dichotomy is, I suggest, between the Theory of the Individual Industry or Firm and of the rewards and the distribution of a given quantity of resources on the one hand, and the Theory of Output and Employment&nbsp;<i>as a whole&nbsp;</i>on the other hand [emphasis in the original].&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Varian points to a somewhat obscure economist P. de Wolff as the first to use "microeconomic" and "macroeconomic" in 1941. Varian writes:</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">The earliest published reference that explicitly uses the term ‘microeconomics’ that I have been able to locate is de Wolff (1941). De Wolff, a colleague of Tinbergen at the Netherlands Statistical Institute, was well aware of the macrodynamic modelling efforts of Frisch, and may have been inspired to extend Frisch’s use of ‘micro-dynamics’ to the more general expression of ‘microeconomics’. De Wolff’s note is concerned with what we now call the ‘aggregation problem’ – how to move from the theory of the individual consuming unit to the behaviour of aggregate consumption. ... He [de Wolff] is quite clear about the distinction between micro- and macroeconomics:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">"The concept of income elasticity of demand has been used with two entirely different meanings: a micro- and macro-economic one. The micro-economic interpretation refers to the relation between income and outlay on a certain commodity&nbsp;<i>for a single person or family</i>. The macro-economic interpretation is derived from the corresponding relation between total income and total outlay&nbsp;<i>for a large group of persons or families</i>&nbsp;(social strata, nations, etc.) [emphasis in original]."</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">In Varian's telling, the terms of macroeconomics start popping up in academic journals and even some lesser-used textbooks in the 1940s, are in widespread use by the mid-1950s, and first appear in Paul Samuelson's canonical intro economics textbook in the 1958 edition.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <a href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/05/origins-of-microeconomics-and.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Conversable Economist</a>.&nbsp;</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1559043202 {#1145
    date: 2019-05-28 11:33:22.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1559044101 {#1150
    date: 2019-05-28 11:48:21.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 7833
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1559043198 {#1148
    date: 2019-05-28 11:33:18.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "Economists have written about topics that we would now classify under the headings of "microeocnomics" or "macroeconomics" for centuries. But the terms themselves are much more recent, emerging only in the early 1940s. For background, I turn to the entry on "Microeconomics" by Hal R. Varian published in\u{A0}The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, dating back to the first edition in 1987."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1559043198 {#1147
    date: 2019-05-28 11:33:18.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = b31278)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"349c15"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 482f71)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"ac7a8b"