GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017

Response
200 OK
IP
216.73.216.202
Profiled on
Token
a84792

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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_stopwatch_token 
"b56fe4"
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"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=c6vb4or8mku1a1lls7bpj21pjk"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Tue, 29 Jul 2025 21:59:51 GMT"
link 
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x-debug-token 
"a84792"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"c6vb4or8mku1a1lls7bpj21pjk"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Tue, 29 Jul 25 21:59:45 +0000"
Last used 
"Tue, 29 Jul 25 21:59:48 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
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Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
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    "function" => "run"
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    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
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    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
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    "function" => "run"
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    ]
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
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  [
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    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
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    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "callListeners"
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    "function" => "filterResponse"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=c6vb4or8mku1a1lls7bpj21pjk"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aIlEVWqll8qj2YoFQ3GTMgAAAMs"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aIlEVWqll8qj2YoFQ3GTMgAAAMs"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"216.73.216.202"
REMOTE_PORT 
"27403"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1753826390
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1753826390.3398
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"aIlEVWqll8qj2YoFQ3GTMgAAAMs"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = b881e3)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1d581c"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = d2a4ce)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"01410e"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 5e3fb9)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"2ddbd6"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = d1d543)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e44948"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 4211
  -title: "The Economic Value of Household Production: 1965-2017"
  -slug: "the-economic-value-of-household-production-1965-2017"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">Gross domestic product is not the total amount of output produced; instead, it is a a measure of what is bought and sold in markets. Pretty much every intro class in economics will point out to students that when I clean my own house, cook my own meals, look after my children, or or mow my lawn, that "household production" doesn't show up in GDP. But if I hire someone to do household production tasks, then that output gets counted as part of GDP.</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">For a number of situations where the limitations of GDP are obvious, the US Bureau of Economic Analysis publishes "satellite" accounts, where it calculates what a different and broader measure of economic output would look like. In this spirit,&nbsp;<a style="color: #000000;" href="https://apps.bea.gov/scb/2019/06-june/0619-household-production.htm"><span class="s2"><span style="color: #808080;">Danit Kanal and Joseph Ted Kornegay have written "Accounting for Household Production in the National Accounts: An Update, 1965–2017</span>,</span></a>" in the June 2019&nbsp;<i>Survey of Current Business</i>.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">The overall approach is to look at data on time use in household production, estimate the cost of hiring that time in the market, and then add this output to the standard conventional measure of GDP. They write:</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">The largest impact when including household production in GDP stems from the inclusion of nonmarket services. Nonmarket services measure the value of time spent on home production tasks. ... To compute household production, we first aggregated household production hours across seven categories: housework, cooking, odd jobs, gardening, shopping, child care, and domestic travel. The value of nonmarket services is the product of the wage rate of general-purpose domestic workers and the number of hours worked. This method assumes a market-cost approach to valuing nonmarket household services. ... BEA's current GDP measure treats consumer purchases of durable goods as consumption. In contrast, this satellite account treats such purchases as investment and adds the services of consumer durables to personal consumption expenditures.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">Some interesting fact patterns emerge from thinking about economic output in this way:</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">When this calculation is carried out for 1965, the revised GDP with household production included is 37% higher than the conventional measure. For 2017, the revised GDP with household production included is 23% higher.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">Thus, if you are someone who sometimes uses per capita GDP as a quick-and-dirty measure for social well-being (a sin of which I've been guilty now and again), taking household production into account shows that the US standard of living is higher than the conventional measurement.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">Why does adding a value for household production have a smaller effect now than a half-century ago? "Household production has declined in significance over time as more women engage in market work." In particular, the number of hours spent in household production by nonemployed women has declined substantially.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">The growth rate for total economic output is slower. Measured in nominal dollars, the growth rate of traditional GDP is 6.5% per year from 1965 to 2017, while the annual nominal growth rate of output falls to 6.3% per year with household production in included. In effect, the declining hours spent on household production mean that the relative size for this part of the economy is shrinking.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p4"><span class="s3" style="color: #000000;">As usual with economic statistics, any one number is going to have serious limitations, and so looking at a variety of interrelated measures will provide a more in-depth picture. Here, the authors are just presenting fact patterns, not hypothesizing about underlying causes. But presumably there are a variety of changes behind these patterns, like fewer children in the average household, the spread of household technologies like the dishwasher and the microwave, and household which choose to purchase some services (meals eaten out, house-cleaning, yard work) rather than producing it themselves.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">For my blog posts on a couple of previous reports from the Survey of Current Business on this topic, see:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <ul class="ul1">\r\n
    <li class="li5"><span class="s4" style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2012/05/household-production-levels-and-trends.html"><span class="s5">"Household Production: Levels and Trends"</span></a></span><span class="s6"><span style="color: #808080;"></span><span style="color: #000000;">(May 30, 2012)</span></span></li>\r\n
    <li class="li5"><span class="s4" style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2017/03/whats-value-of-us-household-production.html"><span class="s5">"What's the Value of US Household Production?"</span></a></span><span class="s6">&nbsp;(<span style="color: #000000;">March 20, 2017)</span></span></li>\r\n
    </ul>\r\n
    <p class="p6"><span class="s1" style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/06/the-economic-value-of-household.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Conversable Economist</a>.</span>&nbsp;</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
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    date: 2019-06-19 14:51:53.0 UTC (+00:00)
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  -updatedAt: DateTime @1560955995 {#1150
    date: 2019-06-19 14:53:15.0 UTC (+00:00)
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  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
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  -clicks: 2411
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1560955910 {#1148
    date: 2019-06-19 14:51:50.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "Gross domestic product is not the total amount of output produced; instead, it is a a measure of what is bought and sold in markets. Pretty much every intro class in economics will point out to students that when I clean my own house, cook my own meals, look after my children, or or mow my lawn, that "household production" doesn't show up in GDP. But if I hire someone to do household production tasks, then that output gets counted as part of GDP."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1560955910 {#1147
    date: 2019-06-19 14:51:50.0 UTC (+00:00)
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AppController :: renderFooter (token = 546d19)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"9fc65e"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 41c254)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"6ca4fe"