GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card

Response
200 OK
IP
3.147.195.15
Profiled on
Token
b48054

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3663
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      -attributes: [
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    3782 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3782
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3781 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3781
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3780 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3780
      -href: "/build/app.js"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    }
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    3778 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3778
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      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3777 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3777
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      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3776 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3776
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3775 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3775
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3774 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3774
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
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      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3773 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3773
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      -attributes: [
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    3772 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3772
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      -attributes: [
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    }
    3771 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3771
      -href: "/build/comment-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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}
_route 
"article_show"
_route_params 
[
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]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"16e837"
category 
"global-economy"
slug 
"when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=fnfu2kv8q1mqstu7etckbpgjpt"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:41:56 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"b48054"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"fnfu2kv8q1mqstu7etckbpgjpt"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:41:34 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:41:53 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"LdZixLerJURtw-1njr1YWu21OKCZvNJoMrlF8TvrAB0"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"i3okzb-f3IDfeN5raoNDZcZBFd3959N_KLQNEg8Mlrs"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
[
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
    "line" => 103
    "function" => "getToken"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage"
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  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Extension/CoreExtension.php"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/var/cache/dev/twig/a4/a456f2f504a18cd81037fa69e543310c.php"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "renderHeader"
    "class" => "App\Controller\AppController"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpCache/SubRequestHandler.php"
    "line" => 86
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Fragment/InlineFragmentRenderer.php"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "displayBlock"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Kernel.php"
    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 139
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 214
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=fnfu2kv8q1mqstu7etckbpgjpt"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nUI5DyWLT8YV1VjBpZoAAAAIA"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nUI5DyWLT8YV1VjBpZoAAAAIA"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.147.195.15"
REMOTE_PORT 
"11927"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740231715
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740231715.4457
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nUI5DyWLT8YV1VjBpZoAAAAIA"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 86ffda)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"ad4236"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 4b5229)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"0860dd"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = f7759a)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b5da1d"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 141863)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"ff92e7"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 3908
  -title: "When US Market Access is No Longer a Trump Card"
  -slug: "when-us-market-access-is-no-longer-a-trump-card"
  -introtext: "<p><span style="color: #000000;">When the US economy was a larger share of the world economy, then access to the US market meant more. For example,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=US-1W">World Bank statistics</a>&nbsp;<span style="color: #000000;">say that the US economy was 40% of the entire world economy in 1960, but is now about 24%. The main source of growth in the world economy for the foreseeable future will be in emerging markets.</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p><br /><span style="color: #000000;">For a sense of the shift, consider this figure from chapter 4 of</span> t<a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/03/28/world-economic-outlook-april-2019">he most recent&nbsp;World Economic Outlook&nbsp;report, published by the IMF (April 2019)</a>. <span style="color: #000000;">The lines in the figure show the trade flows between countries that are at least 1% of total world GDP. The size of the dots for each country is proportionate to the country's GDP.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">In 1995, you can see international trade revolving around the United States, with another hub of trade happening in Europe and a third hub focused around Japan.&nbsp; Trade between the US and China shows up on the figure, but China did not have trade flows greater than 1% of world GDP with any country other than the US.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">The picture is rather different in 2015. The US remains an international hub for trade. Germany remains a hub as well, although fewer of its trade flows now exceed 1% of world GDP. And China has clearly become a hub of central importance in Asia.</span></p>\r\n
    <div><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i1-Kz9l1i-0/XLiXmF6I6XI/AAAAAAAAJlI/8O9bGdVWZcYwmqot5MRtyKf6SqL-w3oIQCLcBGAs/s1600/weo%2B1.jpg"><img src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i1-Kz9l1i-0/XLiXmF6I6XI/AAAAAAAAJlI/8O9bGdVWZcYwmqot5MRtyKf6SqL-w3oIQCLcBGAs/s640/weo%2B1.jpg" alt="" width="379" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="622" /></a></div>\r\n
    <p><br /><span style="color: #000000;">The patterns of trade have also shifted toward greater use of global value chains--that is, intermediate products that are shipped across national borders at least once, and often multiple times, before they become final products. Here's the overall pattern since 1995 of falling tariffs and rising participation in global value chains for the world economy as a whole.</span></p>\r\n
    <div><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5gnFnhKqtAM/XLiaMANIHYI/AAAAAAAAJlU/ZQu7_lV31jcnAVE_CGa4jVvBaWnsFfDxgCLcBGAs/s1600/weo%2B2.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5gnFnhKqtAM/XLiaMANIHYI/AAAAAAAAJlU/ZQu7_lV31jcnAVE_CGa4jVvBaWnsFfDxgCLcBGAs/s640/weo%2B2.jpg" alt="" width="489" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="571" /></a></div>\r\n
    <p><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Several decades ago, emerging markets around the world worried about having access to selling in US and European markets, and this market access could be used by the US and European nations as a bargaining chip in economic treaties and more broadly in international relations. Looking ahead, US production is now more tied into global value chains, and the long-term growth of US manufacturing is going to rely more heavily on sales to markets outside the United States.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">For example, if one is concerned about the future of the US car industry, the</span><a href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2018/09/international-car-production-and.html">&nbsp;US now produces about 7% of the world's cars in 2015, and about 22% of the world's trucks. The future growth of car consumption is going to be primarily outside the US economy.&nbsp;</a><span style="color: #000000;">For the health and long-term growth of the US car business, the possibility of unfair imports into the US economy matters a lot less than the access of US car producers to selling in the rest of the world economy.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">The interconnectedness of global value chains means that General Motors already produces more cars in China than it does in the United States.&nbsp;</span><a href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2018/08/us-multinationals-producing-elsewhere.html">In fact, sales of US multinationals now producing in China are already twice as high as exports from the US to China.</a>&nbsp;<span style="color: #000000;">Again, the long-term health of many US manufacturers is going to be based on their ability to participate in international value chains and in overseas production.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Although what caught my eye in this chapter of the&nbsp;World Economic Outlook&nbsp;report was the shifting patterns of world trade, the main emphases of the chapter are on other themes that will come as no surprise to faithful readers of my articles.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #000000;">The IMF report also offers calculations that higher tariffs between the US and China will cause economic losses for both sides. From the IMF report:</span></p>\r\n
    <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">US–China trade, which falls by 25–30 percent in the&nbsp;short term (GIMF) and somewhere between 30 percent&nbsp;and 70 percent over the long term, depending on the</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">model and the direction of trade. The decrease in external demand leads to a decline in total&nbsp;exports and in GDP in both countries. Annual real GDP losses range from –0.3 percent to –0.6 percent for&nbsp;the United States and from –0.5 percent to –1.5 percent for China ... Finally, although the US–China bilateral trade deficit is&nbsp;reduced, there is no economically significant change in&nbsp;each country’s multilateral trade balance.</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Some advocates of higher tariffs take comfort in noting that the estimated losses to China's economy are bigger than the losses to the US economy.&nbsp; Yes, but it's losses all around! As the 21st century economy evolves, the most important issues for US producers are going to involve their ability to</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">compete in unfettered ways in the increasingly important markets outside the US.</span></p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1555689399 {#1145
    date: 2019-04-19 15:56:39.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1628089027 {#1150
    date: 2021-08-04 14:57:07.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 2848
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1555689396 {#1148
    date: 2019-04-19 15:56:36.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: "When the US economy was a larger share of the world economy, then access to the US market meant more. For example,\u{A0}World Bank statistics\u{A0}say that the US economy was 40% of the entire world economy in 1960, but is now about 24%. The main source of growth in the world economy for the foreseeable future will be in emerging markets."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1555689396 {#1147
    date: 2019-04-19 15:56:36.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = bbcfbf)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"e4c8bf"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 1e7d59)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"c84c60"