GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent

Response
200 OK
IP
18.118.207.114
Profiled on
Token
b8e7ae

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
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    3759 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3759
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_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"9fcda1"
category 
"technology"
slug 
"optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"

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Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=fcu8gcukmks3lhs7v02nvu7nq9"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Thu, 17 Apr 2025 05:27:32 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"b8e7ae"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"fcu8gcukmks3lhs7v02nvu7nq9"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Thu, 17 Apr 25 05:27:14 +0000"
Last used 
"Thu, 17 Apr 25 05:27:32 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"NybyLNlkRw3HY4OkJH5WPhGT9Ub08a_vb36HZLNydrQ"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"Ey9aKjiLJmOulMBi2DgG9IDv9DMyy9goemva8bJJHek"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=fcu8gcukmks3lhs7v02nvu7nq9"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aACRQfxSd_L1yIYYHz0nEQAAAQw"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"aACRQfxSd_L1yIYYHz0nEQAAAQw"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"18.118.207.114"
REMOTE_PORT 
"27863"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1744867649
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1744867649.3161
REQUEST_URI 
"/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/technology/optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"aACRQfxSd_L1yIYYHz0nEQAAAQw"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 611dfa)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"61bdd4"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 467990)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"bd38f2"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = dd709a)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b9fe35"
category 
"Technology"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 8b9d20)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b0de38"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 5824
  -title: "Optimizing Artificial Intelligence Algorithms with Gradient Descent"
  -slug: "optimizing-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-with-gradient-descent"
  -introtext: """
    <div id="ember73" class="ember-view">\r\n
    <div class="reader-article-content" dir="ltr">\r\n
    <p>With the help of gradient descent algorithms, coders can reduce the cost function and increase the optimization of algorithms.</p>\r\n
    """
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>ML algorithms and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.allerin.com/blog/what-is-deep-learning-and-how-does-it-work" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">deep learning neural networks work on a set of parameters</a>&nbsp;like weights and biases, and a cost function that evaluates how good a set of parameters is. The lower the cost function goes, the greater is the accuracy of training data and output. To reduce this cost function is one of the key aspects of optimization in AI models. There are&nbsp;<a href="https://d2l.ai/chapter_optimization/index.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">various optimization algorithms</a>&nbsp;available that can be used to optimize AI models. And, the gradient descent algorithm is a highly popular optimization algorithm from them.</p>\r\n
    <h2><strong>How a Gradient Descent Algorithm Works</strong></h2>\r\n
    <p>Suppose you have a ball and you place it on an inclined plane, according to the gravitational law, the ball will roll downwards until it rests on a gentle plane and stops rolling. Gradient descent algorithm functions in a similar way to the above example. Suppose the ball in the above example is the cost function, then gradient descent algorithms will act as a gravitational force to bring it down until it reaches an optimal value which would be the gentle plane. Every time the gradient descent algorithm runs, it calculates a cost function and then it iterates to find whether the cost function can be further minimized or not. And, this process continues till it finds the optimal cost function which cannot be minimized. The gradient descent starts with a set of parameters, and then it improves them slowly. The gradient or derivative calculated tells the developer the incline or slope of the cost function. Then to reduce the cost, the developer moves in the direction opposite to gradient. The gradient is calculated with the help of different types of gradient descent algorithms.</p>\r\n
    <h2><strong>What are the Different Types of Gradient Descent Algorithms?</strong></h2>\r\n
    <p>On the basis of the amount of data a gradient descent algorithm ingests, it can be classified into three types:</p>\r\n
    <div class="slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width"><img src="https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQHdY8SvC5cZPw/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/0?e=1591833600&amp;v=beta&amp;t=M8Q7e9F9zZbmaCSFtOHhOyNwpayR04QfTnpJ2E7v1Qc" alt="Optimizing Artificial Intelligence Algorithms with Gradient Descent" data-media-urn data-li-src="https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQHdY8SvC5cZPw/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/0?e=1591833600&amp;v=beta&amp;t=M8Q7e9F9zZbmaCSFtOHhOyNwpayR04QfTnpJ2E7v1Qc" /></div>\r\n
    <h2><strong>Batch Gradient Descent</strong></h2>\r\n
    It computes the gradient of the cost function with respect to the parameter for entire training data. Since batch gradient descent calculates the gradient for the entire dataset to perform one parameter update, it can be very slow.</div>\r\n
    </div>\r\n
    <div id="ember73" class="ember-view">\r\n
    <div class="reader-article-content" dir="ltr">\r\n
    <h2><strong>Stochastic Gradient Descent</strong></h2>\r\n
    <p>It computes the gradient for each data using a single training point chosen at random. Therefore learning happens after computing the gradient for each data. Since the gradient is calculated individually for each data, the initial calculation becomes very slow.</p>\r\n
    <h2>Mini-Batch Gradient Descent</h2>\r\n
    <p>In mini-batch gradient descent, first, the model developer divides the entire dataset into mini-batches, and then the gradient is calculated for each mini-batch. It becomes faster than batch gradient descent as while a parameter update, it has to go through a lot less data. But while minimizing the cost function, the gradient curve in mini-batch gradient descent goes back and forth and does not converge. Hence, it becomes difficult to get the exact learning curve.</p>\r\n
    <p>Gradient descent algorithms work mostly fine, but there are some challenges because of which gradient descent might not function properly. For instance, if the input data is arranged in a way that it poses a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/lci/mlrg/slides/non_convex_optimization.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">non-convex optimization problem</a>&nbsp;like invex functions, random coordinate descent, and issues with convergence rate, then it becomes difficult to perform optimization with the help of gradient descent algorithms. The difficulty arises as for non-convex optimization, the incline and slope of gradient become difficult to find.</p>\r\n
    </div>\r\n
    </div>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1586186785 {#1145
    date: 2020-04-06 15:26:25.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1586186946 {#1150
    date: 2020-04-06 15:29:06.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3441
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1586186785 {#1148
    date: 2020-04-06 15:26:25.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "artificial intelligence with gradient descent"
  -metadesc: "With the help of gradient descent algorithms, coders can reduce the cost function and increase the optimization of algorithms."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1586186785 {#1147
    date: 2020-04-06 15:26:25.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = b5339e)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1c7922"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 6adb75)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"6bc7a3"