GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3663
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    3782 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3782
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    3781 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3781
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    3780 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3780
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      ]
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    3777 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3777
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3776 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3776
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3775 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3775
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3774 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3774
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3773 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3773
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    }
    3772 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3772
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      -attributes: [
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    }
    3771 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3771
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      -rel: [
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}
_route
"article_show"
_route_params
[
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]
_security_firewall_run
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token
"7621df"
category
"global-economy"
slug
"pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept
"*/*"
accept-encoding
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection
"close"
cookie
"PHPSESSID=s6tsnfajf93ok17e9ffhg9ifkf"
host
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control
"no-cache, private"
content-type
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:43:47 GMT"
link
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token
"d61f62"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID
"s6tsnfajf93ok17e9ffhg9ifkf"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:43:26 +0000"
Last used
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:43:45 +0000"
Lifetime
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment
"7ReeFSX8xx6IMxYRooX163__x6LH9bYwle8FjHVWDog"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept
"o9s-u0ppatCESXPUDtSx4SVkBJ53igeoALzKoHRWcuI"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  ]
  [
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
[
  [
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    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
    "line" => 103
    "function" => "getToken"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 1635
    "function" => "getUser"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bridge\Twig\AppVariable"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/var/cache/dev/twig/a4/a456f2f504a18cd81037fa69e543310c.php"
    "line" => 200
    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 394
    "function" => "doDisplay"
    "class" => "__TwigTemplate_824a013e4f3f4a68e03a2d244e765025"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 367
    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  [
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    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "line" => 126
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "line" => 181
    "function" => "renderHeader"
    "class" => "App\Controller\AppController"
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  [
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
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  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpCache/SubRequestHandler.php"
    "line" => 86
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\FragmentHandler"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\LazyLoadingFragmentHandler"
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  [
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    "function" => "renderFragment"
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  [
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  [
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
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    "line" => 52
    "function" => "display"
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    "line" => 394
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    "line" => 367
    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Template.php"
    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 448
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/framework-bundle/Controller/AbstractController.php"
    "line" => 253
    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/src/Controller/ArticleController.php"
    "line" => 277
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 181
    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/runtime/Runner/Symfony/HttpKernelRunner.php"
    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 139
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 214
    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 76
    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV
"dev"
APP_SECRET
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN
"*"
DATABASE_URL
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG
"1"
BASE
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE
"PHPSESSID=s6tsnfajf93ok17e9ffhg9ifkf"
HTTP_HOST
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PATH
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING
""
REDIRECT_BASE
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"Z7nUkpDyWLT8YV1VjBpagAAAAJU"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"Z7nUkpDyWLT8YV1VjBpagAAAAJU"
REDIRECT_URL
"/public/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
REMOTE_ADDR
"52.14.78.246"
REMOTE_PORT
"49278"
REQUEST_METHOD
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME
"https"
REQUEST_TIME
1740231827
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
1740231827.2401
REQUEST_URI
"/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
SCRIPT_FILENAME
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
SCRIPT_URL
"/global-economy/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
SERVER_ADDR
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID
"Z7nUkpDyWLT8YV1VjBpagAAAAJU"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 55db1b)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"5b2e8b"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 25751b)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"0e20d4"
slug
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 380022)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"50ff04"
category
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = b973f5)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"066d01"
current_article
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 4134
  -title: "Pareidolia: When Correlations are Truly Meaningless"
  -slug: "pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly-meaningless"
  -introtext: "<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #808080;">"<a style="color: #808080;" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pareidolia">Pareidolia"</a></span>&nbsp;refers to&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2015/03/randomness-is-lumpy-pareidolia.htm">the common human practice of looking at random outcomes but trying to impose patterns on them</a></span>. For example, we all know in the logical part of our brain that there are a roughly a kajillion different variables in the world, and so if we look through the possibilities, we will will have a 100% chance of finding some variables that are highly correlated with each other. These correlations will be a matter of pure chance, and they carry no meaning. But when my own brain, and perhaps yours, sees one of these correlations, I can feel my thoughts start searching for a story to explain what looks to my eyes like a connected pattern.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Here are some examples from&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations">Tyler Vigen's website</a></span>, drawn from&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316339431">his 2015 book Spurious Correlations.</a></span></span></p>\r\n
    <div><br />\r\n
    <div><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qsKvltCao70/XPBNoO-DRnI/AAAAAAAAJrk/Qrur5m_u_5AdnMa6BZzcqJU6tCXOB36DgCLcBGAs/s1600/vigen%2B2.jpeg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qsKvltCao70/XPBNoO-DRnI/AAAAAAAAJrk/Qrur5m_u_5AdnMa6BZzcqJU6tCXOB36DgCLcBGAs/s400/vigen%2B2.jpeg" alt="" width="400" height="156" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1600" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <br />\r\n
    <div><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rz1vATfmGIk/XPBNqJYc8uI/AAAAAAAAJro/DsGmHmPEHUgT_OvSZO5LoHudGShakn7xACLcBGAs/s1600/vigen%2B3.jpeg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rz1vATfmGIk/XPBNqJYc8uI/AAAAAAAAJro/DsGmHmPEHUgT_OvSZO5LoHudGShakn7xACLcBGAs/s400/vigen%2B3.jpeg" alt="" width="400" height="157" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1600" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <br />\r\n
    <div><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e8-1A19dpZk/XPBNsgjwnRI/AAAAAAAAJrs/VRiSkJCpmHguHc6Fh6mAirnKbomZmNKuwCLcBGAs/s1600/vigen%2B4.jpeg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e8-1A19dpZk/XPBNsgjwnRI/AAAAAAAAJrs/VRiSkJCpmHguHc6Fh6mAirnKbomZmNKuwCLcBGAs/s400/vigen%2B4.jpeg" alt="" width="400" height="157" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1600" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <br />\r\n
    <div><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-67E__wQ4-v0/XPBNu--oyXI/AAAAAAAAJrw/XZBMqgCSsYUqk6Uy7AfYEZluxLOGWKy9QCLcBGAs/s1600/vigen%2B5.jpeg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-67E__wQ4-v0/XPBNu--oyXI/AAAAAAAAJrw/XZBMqgCSsYUqk6Uy7AfYEZluxLOGWKy9QCLcBGAs/s400/vigen%2B5.jpeg" alt="" width="400" height="157" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1600" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <br />\r\n
    <div><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5dg-VNfrUsk/XPBNzuNzYfI/AAAAAAAAJr0/pk9bdW77D5I1nMDnwEmmfRc05uvoMmYpgCLcBGAs/s1600/vigen%2B1.jpeg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5dg-VNfrUsk/XPBNzuNzYfI/AAAAAAAAJr0/pk9bdW77D5I1nMDnwEmmfRc05uvoMmYpgCLcBGAs/s400/vigen%2B1.jpeg" alt="" width="400" height="157" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1600" /></a></span></div>\r\n
    <br />\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Eye-balling these kinds of figures gives you a sense of why these correlations arise. For example, if you have both a right-hand and a left-hand axis, you can set the scales on those figures so that draw the figure so that the starting points and the ending points of the two lines are close to each other--and then the intermediate lines will look fairly common as well.&nbsp; If comparing to data on a certain statistic in a certain state (divorces in Maine, fishing accidents in Kentucky), your statistical antennae should be warning you that by the time you look through a large group of family or health statistics for each of 50 states, there's a reasonable chance of finding whatever pattern you are looking for just by random chance. If you limit the search to relatively short stretches of data like a decade or so, and plug in your computer to sort through the possibilities, finding meaningless correlations isn't going to be hard.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;"></span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Of course, at the more serious level of academic research, these types of issues can still arise. Imagine that a researcher is trying to look at the effects of a particular large-scale program. The researcher has lots of data to divide people up into groups: by age, work status, family status, geographic location, education, health, race/ethnicity, gender, religion, and more. The researcher also has lots of possible outcomes for these people: income, marriage or divorce, childbearing, health, employment, retirement, and others. If a researcher looks at all the possible subcategories, it will inevitably be true that this program will seem to have major effects in a certain group: for example, the program may be correlated with a big change in the divorce behavior of white people in the 35-54 age bracket with low levels of religious observance in the state of New York.&nbsp; But if you (or your computer program) scanned through literally thousands of subgroups and possible effects to find this specific correlation, it's fair to assume that the correlation is just as meaningless as any of the examples presented by Vigen.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">Classes in statistics emphasize that "correlation doesn't mean causation." The lesson here is even stronger. Correlation doesn't necessarily mean anything at all.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2019/06/pareidolia-when-correlations-are-truly.html">Conversable Economist</a></span>.</span></p>\r\n
    </div>\r\n
    <div>&nbsp;</div>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1559580914 {#1145
    date: 2019-06-03 16:55:14.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1559581196 {#1150
    date: 2019-06-03 16:59:56.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 4730
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1559580911 {#1148
    date: 2019-06-03 16:55:11.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: ""
  -metadesc: ""Pareidolia"\u{A0}refers to\u{A0}the common human practice of looking at random outcomes but trying to impose patterns on them. For example, we all know in the logical part of our brain that there are a roughly a kajillion different variables in the world, and so if we look through the possibilities, we will will have a 100% chance of finding some variables that are highly correlated with each other. These correlations will be a matter of pure chance, and they carry no meaning. But when my own brain, and perhaps yours, sees one of these correlations, I can feel my thoughts start searching for a story to explain what looks to my eyes like a connected pattern.\u{A0}"
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1559580911 {#1147
    date: 2019-06-03 16:55:11.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = 511a78)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"90b227"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = c18dab)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"26f576"