GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3588
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    3709 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3709
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3707 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3707
      -href: "/build/644.js"
      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3706 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3706
      -href: "/build/502.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
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    3705 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3705
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3704 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3704
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3703 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3703
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      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3702 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3702
      -href: "/build/contact.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
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      ]
    }
    3701 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3701
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3700 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3700
      -href: "/build/app.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3699 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3699
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3698 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3698
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3697 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3697
      -href: "/build/contact-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3696 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3696
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      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
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}
_route
"article_show"
_route_params
[
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]
_security_firewall_run
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token
"de0fd8"
category
"science"
slug
"machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept
"*/*"
accept-encoding
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection
"close"
cookie
"PHPSESSID=r78evcjgv7405p5f37c9e6q9gu"
host
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control
"no-cache, private"
content-type
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date
"Sat, 21 Jun 2025 22:20:55 GMT"
link
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token
"e44803"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID
"r78evcjgv7405p5f37c9e6q9gu"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created
"Sat, 21 Jun 25 22:20:50 +0000"
Last used
"Sat, 21 Jun 25 22:20:53 +0000"
Lifetime
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment
"HZOAHacWr4ir17mU8FlT9cNakbdE0loJjf0Uku1Kxkc"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept
"pfK4IhxsN8u93zjL0J7uEs9DozH-YbUkdj4V8KFCs2w"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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    "args" => [
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
[
  [
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    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "line" => 103
    "function" => "getToken"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage"
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    "line" => 1635
    "function" => "getUser"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bridge\Twig\AppVariable"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
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    "function" => "display"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "doRender"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "renderHeader"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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  [
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    "function" => "displayWithErrorHandling"
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  ]
  [
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    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\TemplateWrapper"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  [
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    "line" => 453
    "function" => "doRenderView"
    "class" => "Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "run"
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  [
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    "args" => [
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
[
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    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
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  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
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  [
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  [
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    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "function" => "run"
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  [
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    "args" => [
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    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV
"dev"
APP_SECRET
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN
"*"
DATABASE_URL
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG
"1"
BASE
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE
"PHPSESSID=r78evcjgv7405p5f37c9e6q9gu"
HTTP_HOST
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
PATH
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING
""
REDIRECT_BASE
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aFcwRd1MdEs6b3i-bTbzWwAAAIQ"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL
"/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID
"aFcwRd1MdEs6b3i-bTbzWwAAAIQ"
REDIRECT_URL
"/public/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
REMOTE_ADDR
"216.73.216.240"
REMOTE_PORT
"34538"
REQUEST_METHOD
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME
"https"
REQUEST_TIME
1750544453
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
1750544453.3555
REQUEST_URI
"/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
SCRIPT_FILENAME
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
SCRIPT_URL
"/science/machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
SERVER_ADDR
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID
"aFcwRd1MdEs6b3i-bTbzWwAAAIQ"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 504427)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"02bdaf"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 758c71)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"074368"
slug
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = b0acf7)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"c954de"
category
"Science"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 466b69)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"a6f0a4"
current_article
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 17333
  -title: "Machine Learning Technology Exposes Counterfeit Art on eBay"
  -slug: "machine-learning-technology-exposes-counterfeit-art-on-ebay"
  -introtext: "<p>Leading art authentication expert Dr Carina Popovici has discovered&nbsp;40 counterfeit paintings, including supposed works by Monet and Renoir.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>By leveraging machine learning technology, Dr Popovici uncovered a slew of paintings with a high probability of being fake, shedding light on what she deems as just the tip of the iceberg in terms of counterfeit art circulating online. Despite eBay's stringent policies against counterfeit items, the platform has been inundated with fake listings, prompting concerns over the efficacy of its authentication measures.</p>\r\n
    <p>Dr Popovici's discovery of counterfeit paintings, such as a purported Monet titled "Forest With a Stream" priced at $599,000 and a Renoir piece labeled as a study of Claude Renoir for $165,000, underscores the urgent need for enhanced scrutiny of art listings on online platforms. Despite eBay's claims to prohibit counterfeit items, the prevalence of fake art highlights the challenges faced in policing online marketplaces.</p>\r\n
    <p>Efforts to address the issue have been met with frustration, as Dr Popovici's repeated attempts to communicate her concerns to eBay have gone unanswered. With her company, Art Recognition, collaborating on research with esteemed institutions like Liverpool University and Tilburg University, Dr Popovici's machine learning technology has revolutionized the identification of counterfeit art online. By analyzing intricate details of artists' works, from brushstroke patterns to color palettes, the technology has provided unprecedented insights into the authenticity of paintings, challenging long-held attributions and supporting the identification of contested works.</p>\r\n
    <p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/article/2024/may/08/fake-monet-and-renoir-on-ebay-among-counterfeits-identified-using-ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Despite eBay's assurances</a> of employing multiple layers of machine learning technology and trained investigators to combat counterfeit listings, Dr Popovici's findings suggest a pervasive problem that requires urgent attention. As the online art market continues to burgeon, the need for robust authentication measures is paramount to safeguarding buyers and preserving the integrity of the art world.</p>\r\n
    <p>With the advent of machine learning technology, the ability to identify counterfeit art online has been significantly enhanced, offering hope for a more transparent and authentic art market in the <a href="companies/a-new-approach-to-decision-making-in-the-digital-age" target="_blank" rel="noopener">digital age</a>. However, concerted efforts from online platforms, regulators, and experts like Dr Popovici are imperative to combat the proliferation of counterfeit art and ensure a trustworthy marketplace for art enthusiasts worldwide.</p>\r\n
    <p>Machine learning algorithms can spot fake paintings by analyzing various visual features and patterns within the artwork. Here's how it works:</p>\r\n
    <ul>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Feature Extraction:</strong> Machine learning algorithms are trained to extract specific visual features from images, such as brushstroke patterns, color palettes, texture, and composition. These features are then used to create a unique digital signature for each artwork.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Training Data:</strong> To train the machine learning model, a dataset of authentic and known counterfeit paintings is required. These paintings are meticulously analyzed to extract relevant features and patterns.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Algorithm Training:</strong> The machine learning algorithm is trained on the dataset, where it learns to <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/artists/spotting-fake-artworks-philip-mould-fake-or-fortune/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">differentiate between authentic and counterfeit paintings</a> based on the extracted features. Through iterative training and adjustment, the algorithm improves its accuracy in distinguishing genuine artworks from fakes.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Pattern Recognition:</strong> Once trained, the machine learning model can analyze new paintings and compare them against the learned patterns and features. By assessing similarities and deviations from authentic patterns, the algorithm can determine the likelihood of a painting being genuine or counterfeit.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Probabilistic Assessment:</strong> Machine learning algorithms often provide probabilistic assessments rather than definitive conclusions. They assign a probability score indicating the likelihood of a painting being authentic or counterfeit based on the analyzed features. A high probability score suggests authenticity, while a low score indicates potential forgery.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    <li>\r\n
    <p><strong>Iterative Improvement:</strong> As new data becomes available and counterfeit techniques evolve, machine learning models can be continuously refined and updated. This iterative process ensures that the algorithm remains effective in identifying counterfeit paintings with high accuracy over time.</p>\r\n
    </li>\r\n
    </ul>\r\n
    <p>By leveraging machine learning technology, art authentication experts like Dr. Carina Popovici can swiftly and accurately identify counterfeit paintings, thereby safeguarding buyers and preserving the integrity of the art market.</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1715527842 {#1145
    date: 2024-05-12 15:30:42.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -updatedAt: DateTime @1715542712 {#1150
    date: 2024-05-12 19:38:32.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 3080
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1715527842 {#1148
    date: 2024-05-12 15:30:42.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "Machine Learning Technology Exposes Counterfeit Art on eBay"
  -metadesc: "Leading art authentication expert Dr Carina Popovici has discovered\u{A0}40 counterfeit paintings, including supposed works by Monet and Renoir."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1715527842 {#1147
    date: 2024-05-12 15:30:42.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = d91036)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"d481b5"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 43b680)

Key Value
_controller
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format
"html"
_locale
"en"
_stopwatch_token
"f20683"