GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction

Response
200 OK
IP
13.59.89.140
Profiled on
Token
f3fb53

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3587
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    }
    3700 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3700
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      -rel: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3698 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3698
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      -attributes: [
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      -attributes: [
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    3695 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3695
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"article_show"
_route_params 
[
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]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"52362b"
category 
"science"
slug 
"the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=2lptni7thnuaq6sp5fc16ri7rq"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:38:20 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"f3fb53"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"2lptni7thnuaq6sp5fc16ri7rq"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:38:11 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 08:38:19 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"-_K7StTlvIluBbDvxkwpKi2pMGdxWlha25gd6g29Dlo"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"wL_i11f6i9-w0ulhIR1rgi6-t0mVmVysrQF9rsmctrU"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "line" => 35
    "function" => "handle"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
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    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
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    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
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    "line" => 379
    "function" => "display"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
    "line" => 38
    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Template"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/Environment.php"
    "line" => 280
    "function" => "render"
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  [
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    "function" => "render"
    "class" => "Twig\Environment"
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  [
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    "line" => 453
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    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/TraceableEventDispatcher.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\TraceableEventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
    "line" => 202
    "function" => "filterResponse"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "function" => "run"
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    "function" => "require_once"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=2lptni7thnuaq6sp5fc16ri7rq"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mM_JDyWLT8YV1VjBo5zgAAAIs"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mM_JDyWLT8YV1VjBo5zgAAAIs"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"13.59.89.140"
REMOTE_PORT 
"6370"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740213500
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740213500.1866
REQUEST_URI 
"/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/science/the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7mM_JDyWLT8YV1VjBo5zgAAAIs"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 37babb)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"cd19b0"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = bdf05d)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"1ace72"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = d02ece)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"b25487"
category 
"Science"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = b25fac)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"876070"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 13545
  -title: "The Neuroscience of Substance Addiction"
  -slug: "the-neuroscience-of-substance-addiction"
  -introtext: "<p>Substance addiction is a complex and devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide.</p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p>It is a chronic brain disease that involves compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. <a href="https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00014.2018#:~:text=Neuroscience%20research%20has%20revealed%20that,developmental%20or%20adverse%20social%20exposures." target="_blank" rel="noopener">The neuroscience of addiction</a> has made significant advances in recent years, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that drive the addictive process and the changes in the brain that occur with repeated substance use.</p>\r\n
    <h2>Understanding the Brain</h2>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/Neuroanatomy.jpeg" alt="Neuroanatomy.jpeg" width="1000" height="698" /></p>\r\n
    <p><a href="https://www.dana.org/article/neuroanatomy-the-basics/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Source: Dana Foundation</em></a><br /><br /></p>\r\n
    <p>The brain is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. These signals form the foundation of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Substance addiction changes the way the brain functions, specifically in the areas responsible for reward, motivation, and memory.</p>\r\n
    <p><a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-of-the-brain#:~:text=The%20brain%20is%20a%20complex,central%20nervous%20system%2C%20or%20CNS." target="_blank" rel="noopener">The brain is a complex organ </a>that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.</p>\r\n
    <h2>The Reward System</h2>\r\n
    <p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8992377/#:~:text=The%20mesolimbic%20system%2C%20also%20known,and%20cognitive%20processing%20of%20reward." target="_blank" rel="noopener">The brain's reward system</a> is responsible for processing pleasurable experiences, such as eating and sex. When drugs are used, they activate the reward system in a way that is much stronger and more intense than normal experiences. Over time, this leads to changes in the brain that make it more difficult for an individual to experience pleasure without the drug. This is known as tolerance and is a key factor in addiction.</p>\r\n
    <h2>Motivation and Memory</h2>\r\n
    <p>The brain's motivation and memory systems are also impacted by substance addiction. With repeated drug use, memories of the pleasurable effects of the drug are formed and associated with the places, people, and events associated with drug use. These memories become strong drivers of drug seeking behavior, making it difficult for an individual to quit even in the face of negative consequences.</p>\r\n
    <h2>Examples of Substance Addiction</h2>\r\n
    <p>Substance addiction can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. Some of the most commonly abused substances include alcohol, <a href="science/opioid-overdoses-worse-again" target="_blank" rel="noopener">opioids</a>, cocaine, and marijuana.</p>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/Examples_of_Substance_Addiction.jpg" alt="Examples_of_Substance_Addiction.jpg" /></p>\r\n
    <p><em><a href="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source: NIDA</a></em></p>\r\n
    <h4>Alcohol Addiction</h4>\r\n
    <p>Alcohol is one of the most widely used and abused substances in the world. Chronic alcohol abuse leads to changes in the brain that affect reward, motivation, and memory systems. This can result in a cycle of excessive drinking and negative consequences, such as job loss, financial difficulties, and relationship problems.</p>\r\n
    <h4>Opioid Addiction</h4>\r\n
    <p>Opioids, including prescription painkillers and heroin, are highly addictive and have been responsible for a significant increase in overdose deaths in recent years. These drugs act on the brain's reward system, leading to changes that make it difficult for an individual to quit using, even in the face of negative consequences.</p>\r\n
    <h4>Cocaine Addiction</h4>\r\n
    <p>Cocaine is a powerful stimulant that acts on the brain's reward system, producing feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Chronic cocaine use leads to changes in the brain that make it difficult for an individual to quit using, even in the face of negative consequences.</p>\r\n
    <h4>Marijuana Addiction</h4>\r\n
    <p>Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Despite its reputation as a relatively harmless substance, it can be addictive for some people. Chronic marijuana use can lead to changes in the brain that affect motivation and memory, making it difficult for an individual to quit using, even in the face of negative consequences.</p>\r\n
    <h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n
    <p><img src="/images/Prevention_of_Addiction.png" alt="Prevention_of_Addiction.png" /></p>\r\n
    <p><em><a href="https://www.mmdhd.org/substance-use-disorder-prevention/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source: MMDHD</a></em></p>\r\n
    <p>Substance addiction is a complex and devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The neuroscience of addiction has shed light on the underlying mechanisms that drive the addictive process and the changes in the brain that occur with repeated substance use. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial in the development of effective treatments for addiction and in reducing the negative consequences associated with substance abuse.</p>\r\n
    <p>The study of the neuroscience of addiction is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to make a significant impact on the lives of those affected by substance addiction. It is essential that we continue to support research in this area and work to improve the understanding and treatment of addiction, so that we can help those who are struggling with this disease</p>
    """
  -user: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\User {#1092 …}
  -createdAt: DateTime @1675878180 {#1145
    date: 2023-02-08 17:43:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
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  -updatedAt: DateTime @1675878252 {#1150
    date: 2023-02-08 17:44:12.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -deletedAt: null
  -category: App\Entity\Category {#445 …}
  -status: "published"
  -imageCard: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -ImageHeader: Proxies\__CG__\App\Entity\File {#1184 …}
  -featured: false
  -mainView: false
  -clicks: 1871
  -comments: Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection {#1125 …}
  -reviewed_at: DateTime @1675878180 {#1148
    date: 2023-02-08 17:43:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -metakey: "The Neuroscience of Substance Addiction"
  -metadesc: "Substance addiction is a complex and devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide."
  -robots: null
  -publishedAt: DateTime @1675878180 {#1147
    date: 2023-02-08 17:43:00.0 UTC (+00:00)
  }
  -canonical: null
  -superTag: null
}

AppController :: renderFooter (token = c5f335)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"d7ccae"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = 96f9c6)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"61af51"