GET https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history

Response
200 OK
IP
3.133.111.249
Profiled on
Token
f5cdff

ArticleController :: show

Request

GET Parameters

None

POST Parameters

None

Uploaded Files

None

Request Attributes

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\ArticleController::show"
_firewall_context 
"security.firewall.map.context.main"
_links 
Symfony\Component\WebLink\GenericLinkProvider {#3652
  -links: [
    3773 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3773
      -href: "/build/runtime.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3771 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3771
      -href: "/build/644.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3770 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3770
      -href: "/build/502.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3769 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3769
      -href: "/build/app.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3768 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3768
      -href: "/build/view-more.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3767 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3767
      -href: "/build/term-condition.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3766 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3766
      -href: "/build/contact.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3765 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3765
      -href: "/build/scroll-infinite-article.js"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "script"
      ]
    }
    3764 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3764
      -href: "/build/app.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3763 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3763
      -href: "/build/cookie-style.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3762 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3762
      -href: "/build/term-condition-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3761 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3761
      -href: "/build/contact-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
    3760 => Symfony\Component\WebLink\Link {#3760
      -href: "/build/comment-css.css"
      -rel: [
        "preload" => "preload"
      ]
      -attributes: [
        "as" => "style"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
_route 
"article_show"
_route_params 
[
  "category" => "global-economy"
  "slug" => "interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
]
_security_firewall_run 
"_security_main"
_stopwatch_token 
"22bf15"
category 
"global-economy"
slug 
"interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"

Request Headers

Header Value
accept 
"*/*"
accept-encoding 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
connection 
"close"
cookie 
"PHPSESSID=r4cap4igfav0m258d0q9ck8b7g"
host 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
user-agent 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
x-php-ob-level 
"1"

Request Content

Request content not available (it was retrieved as a resource).

Response

Response Headers

Header Value
cache-control 
"no-cache, private"
content-type 
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
date 
"Sat, 22 Feb 2025 13:30:50 GMT"
link 
"</build/runtime.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/644.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/502.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/view-more.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/term-condition.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/contact.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/scroll-infinite-article.js>; rel="preload"; as="script",</build/app.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/cookie-style.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/term-condition-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/contact-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style",</build/comment-css.css>; rel="preload"; as="style""
x-debug-token 
"f5cdff"

Cookies

Request Cookies

Key Value
PHPSESSID 
"r4cap4igfav0m258d0q9ck8b7g"

Response Cookies

No response cookies

Session 6

Session Metadata

Key Value
Created 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:30:25 +0000"
Last used 
"Sat, 22 Feb 25 13:30:48 +0000"
Lifetime 
0

Session Attributes

Attribute Value
_csrf/https-comment 
"eshyY8QCMMJ2kWRFvMFz1DWNfyCuLbAsOpeBEqbvYds"
_csrf/https-cookie_accept 
"T7nsj34PPVIfEifYBsRcVq8ZpjPP0moVPBDa0FNwIXI"

Session Usage

6 Usages
Stateless check enabled
Usage
Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:76
Show trace 
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:79
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-csrf/TokenStorage/SessionTokenStorage.php"
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:52
Show trace 
[
  [
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Symfony\Component\Security\Csrf\TokenStorage\SessionTokenStorage:56
Show trace 
[
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    "function" => "show"
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    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
    "type" => "->"
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    "line" => 197
    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    "line" => 29
    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
    "type" => "->"
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    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
  ]
]
Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\Storage\UsageTrackingTokenStorage:41
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-core/Authentication/Token/Storage/UsageTrackingTokenStorage.php"
    "line" => 41
    "function" => "getMetadataBag"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/twig-bridge/AppVariable.php"
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    "function" => "getToken"
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    "function" => "twig_get_attribute"
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/twig/twig/src/TemplateWrapper.php"
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    "function" => "render"
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    "line" => 453
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    "function" => "doRender"
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  [
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    "function" => "show"
    "class" => "App\Controller\ArticleController"
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  [
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    "function" => "handleRaw"
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    "type" => "->"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel"
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  [
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    "function" => "handle"
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    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
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    "function" => "run"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
    "line" => 5
    "args" => [
      "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/autoload_runtime.php"
    ]
    "function" => "require_once"
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]
Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener:171
Show trace 
[
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/security-http/Firewall/ContextListener.php"
    "line" => 171
    "function" => "remove"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Session"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/Debug/WrappedListener.php"
    "line" => 116
    "function" => "onKernelResponse"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall\ContextListener"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 220
    "function" => "__invoke"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Debug\WrappedListener"
    "type" => "->"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/event-dispatcher/EventDispatcher.php"
    "line" => 56
    "function" => "callListeners"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
  ]
  [
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    "function" => "dispatch"
    "class" => "Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher"
    "type" => "->"
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    "function" => "dispatch"
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  [
    "file" => "/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/vendor/symfony/http-kernel/HttpKernel.php"
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    "function" => "filterResponse"
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]

Flashes

Flashes

No flash messages were created.

Server Parameters

Server Parameters

Defined in .env

Key Value
APP_ENV 
"dev"
APP_SECRET 
"0a988e63f011514eaabfc650b599af4d"
CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN 
"*"
DATABASE_URL 
"mysql://bbndb_rctuser:33F5W25z40or0f7@localhost:3306/rct_bbntimes"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAANxzTG8ZMfIjil1wu-1vrQvnUt-x"
GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY 
"6LdV5fgpAAAAAENKcn73MJAhQrbtQeqgyC4wDLMP"
MAILER_DSN 
"smtp://no-reply%40rct.dev.bbntimes.com:Bl6%26gLD48%26Of919@rct.dev.bbntimes.com:465"
MARIADB_PASSWORD 
"i!87pK&!85ezc8"

Defined as regular env variables

Key Value
APP_DEBUG 
"1"
BASE 
"/public"
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
CONTEXT_PREFIX 
""
DOCUMENT_ROOT 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
FCGI_ROLE 
"RESPONDER"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE 
"CGI/1.1"
HTTPS 
"on"
HTTP_ACCEPT 
"*/*"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING 
"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_CONNECTION 
"close"
HTTP_COOKIE 
"PHPSESSID=r4cap4igfav0m258d0q9ck8b7g"
HTTP_HOST 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
HTTP_USER_AGENT 
"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
PATH 
"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
PHP_SELF 
"/public/index.php"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_CGI_INDEX 
"plesk-php81-fastcgi"
PP_CUSTOM_PHP_INI 
"/var/www/vhosts/system/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/etc/php.ini"
QUERY_STRING 
""
REDIRECT_BASE 
"/public"
REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_HTTPS 
"on"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_COMPILE_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_PASSENGER_DOWNLOAD_NATIVE_SUPPORT_BINARY 
"0"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRibiBoyj8JZ8-HGyC5AAAABM"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
REDIRECT_SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
REDIRECT_STATUS 
"200"
REDIRECT_UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRibiBoyj8JZ8-HGyC5AAAABM"
REDIRECT_URL 
"/public/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
REMOTE_ADDR 
"3.133.111.249"
REMOTE_PORT 
"41173"
REQUEST_METHOD 
"GET"
REQUEST_SCHEME 
"https"
REQUEST_TIME 
1740231049
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT 
1740231049.4054
REQUEST_URI 
"/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
SCRIPT_FILENAME 
"/var/www/vhosts/dev.bbntimes.com/rct.dev.bbntimes.com/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_NAME 
"/public/index.php"
SCRIPT_URI 
"https://rct.dev.bbntimes.com/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
SCRIPT_URL 
"/global-economy/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
SERVER_ADDR 
"5.196.1.209"
SERVER_ADMIN 
"[no address given]"
SERVER_NAME 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SERVER_PORT 
"443"
SERVER_PROTOCOL 
"HTTP/1.1"
SERVER_SIGNATURE 
"<address>Apache Server at rct.dev.bbntimes.com Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE 
"Apache"
SSL_TLS_SNI 
"rct.dev.bbntimes.com"
SYMFONY_DOTENV_VARS 
"APP_ENV,APP_SECRET,DATABASE_URL,MARIADB_PASSWORD,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN,MAILER_DSN,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY,GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY"
UNIQUE_ID 
"Z7nRibiBoyj8JZ8-HGyC5AAAABM"

Sub Requests 6

CookieController :: renderAnalysis (token = 37ae33)

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"App\Controller\CookieController::renderAnalysis"
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"html"
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"en"
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"77f1f7"

AppController :: renderHeader (token = 03c0a0)

Key Value
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"App\Controller\AppController::renderHeader"
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"html"
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"en"
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"8b9549"
slug 
"home"

ArticleController :: trendingArticle (token = 95b86f)

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::trendingArticle"
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"html"
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"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"cfda6d"
category 
"Global Economy"

ArticleController :: relatedArticles (token = 5c9542)

Key Value
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"App\Controller\ArticleController::relatedArticles"
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"html"
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"en"
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"43e6c6"
current_article 
App\Entity\Article {#1094
  -id: 6484
  -title: "Interview with Melissa Dell: Persistence Across History"
  -slug: "interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence-across-history"
  -introtext: "<p class="p1"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="s1" style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.blogger.com/#">Tyler Cowen inteviews Melissa Dell</a></span><span class="s2">, the&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://www.blogger.com/#"><span class="s1">most recent winner of the Clark medal</span></a></span>. Both audio and a transcript of the one-hour conversation are available. From the overview:&nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n"
  -content: """
    \r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">Melissa joined Tyler to discuss what’s behind Vietnam’s economic performance, why persistence isn’t predictive, the benefits and drawbacks of state capacity, the differing economic legacies of forced labor in Indonesia and Peru, whether people like her should still be called a Rhodes scholar, if SATs are useful, the joys of long-distance running, why higher temps are bad for economic growth, how her grandmother cultivated her curiosity, her next project looking to unlock huge historical datasets, and more.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p1"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">Here, I'll just mention a couple of broad points that caught my eye. Dell specializes in looking at how conditions in at one point in time--say, being in an area which for a time has strong centralized tax-collecting government--can have persistent effects on economic outcomes decades or even centuries later. For those skeptical of such effects, Dell argues that explaining, say, 10% of a big difference between two areas is a meaningful feat for social science. She says:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">I was presenting some work that I’d done on Mexico to a group of historians. And I think that historians have a very different approach than economists. They tend to focus in on a very narrow context. They might look at a specific village, and they want to explain a hundred percent of what was going on in that village in that time period.&nbsp;Whereas in this paper, I was looking at the&nbsp;<a style="color: #000000;" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.643.1292&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf"><span class="s1">impacts of the Mexican Revolution</span></a>, which is a historical conflict in economic development. And this historian, who had studied it extensively and knows a ton, was saying, “Well, I kind of see what you’re saying, and that holds in this case, but what about this exception? And what about that exception?”</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">And my response was to say my partial R-squared, which is the percent of the variation that this regression explains, is 0.1, which means it’s explaining 10 percent of the variation in the data. And I think, you know, that’s pretty good because the world’s a complex place, so something that explains 10 percent of the variation is potentially a pretty big deal.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">But that means there’s still 90 percent of the variation that’s explained by other things. And obviously, if you go down to the individual level, there’s even more variation there in the data to explain. So I think that in these cases where we see even 10 percent of the variation being explained by a historical variable, that’s actually really strong persistence. But there’s a huge scope for so many things to matter.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">I’ll say the same thing when I teach an undergrad class about economic growth in history. We talk about the various explanations you can have: geography, different types of institutions, cultural factors. Well, there’s places in sub-Saharan Africa that are 40 times poorer than the US. When you have that kind of income differential, there’s just a massive amount of variation to explain.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="s1" style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nunn/files/empirical_slavery.pdf">Nathan Nunn’s work on slavery</a></span><span class="s2">&nbsp;and the role that that plays in explaining Africa’s long-run underdevelopment — he gets pretty large coefficients, but they still leave a massive amount of difference to be explained by other things as well, because there’s such large income differences between poor places in the world and rich places.&nbsp;I think if persistence explains 10 percent of it, that’s a case where we see really strong persistence, and of course, there’s other cases where we don’t see much. So there’s plenty of room for everybody’s preferred theory of economic development to be important just because the differences are so huge.</span></span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">Dell also discusses a project to organize historical data, like old newspapers, in ways that will make them available for empirical analysis.&nbsp; She says:&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">I have a couple of broad projects which are, in substance, both about unlocking data on a massive scale to answer questions that we haven’t been able to look at before. If you take historical data, whether it be tables or a compendia of biographies or newspapers, and you go and you put those into Amazon Textract or Google Cloud Vision, it will output complete garbage.&nbsp;It’s been very specifically geared towards specific things which are like single-column books and just does not do well with digitizing historical data on a large scale. So we’ve been really investing in methods in computer vision as well as in natural language processing to process the output so that we can take data, historical data, on a large scale. These datasets would be too large to ever digitize by hand. And we can get them into a format that can be used to analyze and answer lots of questions.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">One example is historical newspapers. We have about 25 million-page scans of front pages and editorial pages from newspapers across thousands and thousands of US communities. Newspapers tend to have a complex structure. They might have seven columns, and then there’s headlines, and there’s pictures, and there’s advertisements and captions. If you just put those into Google Cloud Vision, again, it will read it like a single-column book and give you total garbage. That means that the entire large literature using historical newspapers, unless it uses something like the New York Times or the Wall Street Journal that has been carefully digitized by a person sitting there and manually drawing boxes around the content, all you have are keywords.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">You can see what words appear on the page, but you can’t put those words together into sentences or into paragraphs. And that means we can’t extract the sentiment. We don’t understand how people are talking about things in these communities. We see what they’re talking about, what words they use, but not how they’re talking about it.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">So, by devising methods to automatically extract that data, it gives us a potential to do sentiment analysis, to understand, across different communities in the US, how people are talking about very specific events, whether it be about the Vietnam War, whether it be about the rise of scientific medicine, conspiracy theories — name anything you want, like how are people in local newspapers talking about this? Are they talking about it at all?</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">We can process the images. What sort of iconic images are appearing? Are they appearing? So I think it can unlock a ton of information about news.</span></p>\r\n
    <p class="p2" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="s2" style="color: #000000;">We’re also applying these techniques to lots of firm-level and individual-level data from&nbsp;<span style="color: #808080;"><a style="color: #808080;" href="https://dell-research-harvard.github.io/HJDataset/"><span class="s1">Japan</span></a></span>, historically, to understand more about their economic development. We have annual data on like 40,000 Japanese firms and lots of their economic output. This is tables, very different than newspapers, but it’s a similar problem of extracting structure from data, working on methods to get all of that out, to look at a variety of questions about long-run development in Japan and how they were able to be so successful.&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n
    <p><span style="color: #000000;">A version of this article first appeared on <a href="https://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2020/07/interview-with-melissa-dell-persistence.html">Conversable Economist</a>.</span></p>
    """
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  -metakey: "Interview with Melissa Dell: Persistence Across History"
  -metadesc: "Tyler Cowen inteviews Melissa Dell, the\u{A0}most recent winner of the Clark medal. Both audio and a transcript of the one-hour conversation are available. "
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AppController :: renderFooter (token = 793712)

Key Value
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"App\Controller\AppController::renderFooter"
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"html"
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"en"
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"96ed8f"

CookieController :: renderCookie (token = c80978)

Key Value
_controller 
"App\Controller\CookieController::renderCookie"
_format 
"html"
_locale 
"en"
_stopwatch_token 
"16ed39"